Examples of Communication Systems/General Description of DSL - Revision history

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Guenter at 16:44, 6 March 2023

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@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
-'''Non part of the xDSL standard:''' '''KORREKTUR: not part?'''
+'''Not part of the xDSL standard:'''
 #There are also many products circulating under&nbsp; "DSL"&nbsp; that are not part of the xDSL standard.
 #They are often only intended to make it clear that fast data access is involved.&nbsp;

@@ Line 183: / Line 183: @@
 These efforts culminated in April 1998 in the publication of the ETSI Technical Specification&nbsp; "$\text{TS 101 270-1}$",&nbsp; which defines as modulation methods both&nbsp; [[Modulation_Methods/Further_OFDM_Applications#A_brief_description_of_DSL_-_Digital_Subscriber_Line|$\rm DMT$]]&nbsp; $($"Discrete Multitone Transmission"$)$&nbsp;  and&nbsp; [[Modulation_Methods/Quadrature_Amplitude_Modulation|$\rm QAM$]]&nbsp; $($"Quadrature Amplitude Modulation"$)$.&nbsp; The semiconductor manufacturers could not agree on a worldwide line code standard for a long time and there was even talk of the&nbsp; "VDSL Line Code War".
-In 2003,&nbsp; at the so-called&nbsp; "VDSL Olympics",&nbsp; the decision was made in favor of DMT and against QAM or the slightly modified variant&nbsp; [[Examples_of_Communication_Systems/xDSL_as_Transmission_Technology#Carrierless_Amplitude_Phase_Modulation_.28CAP.29|$\rm CAP$]]&nbsp; $($"Carrierless Amplitude Phase Modulation"$)$,&nbsp; namely
+In 2003,&nbsp; at the so-called&nbsp; "VDSL Olympics",&nbsp; the decision was made in favor of DMT and against QAM or the slightly modified variant&nbsp; [[Examples_of_Communication_Systems/xDSL_as_Transmission_Technology#Carrierless_Amplitude_Phase_Modulation|$\rm CAP$]]&nbsp; $($"Carrierless Amplitude Phase Modulation"$)$,&nbsp; namely
 *because of the robustness of DMT against narrowband interference sources,

@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
-'''Non part of the xDSL standard:'''
+'''Non part of the xDSL standard:''' '''KORREKTUR: not part?'''
 #There are also many products circulating under&nbsp; "DSL"&nbsp; that are not part of the xDSL standard.
 #They are often only intended to make it clear that fast data access is involved.&nbsp;

@@ Line 118: / Line 118: @@
-The graph illustrates the relationships between
+The graph illustrates the relationships between milestones in the theoretical and practical design of transmission systems.
-[[File:EN_Bei_2_1_s3_v3.png|right|frame|Milestones of the industrial xDSL development]]
+[[File:EN_Bei_2_1_s3_v4.png|right|frame|Milestones of the industrial xDSL development]]
 $\text{Milestones of DSL development in short form:}$

@@ Line 184: / Line 184: @@
-These efforts culminated in April 1998 in the publication of the ETSI Technical Specification&nbsp; "$\text{TS 101 270-1}$",&nbsp; which defines as modulation methods both&nbsp; [[Modulation_Methods/Further_OFDM_Applications#A_brief_description_of_DSL_-_Digital_Subscriber_Line|$\rm DMT$]]&nbsp; $($"Discrete Multitone Transmission"$)$&nbsp;  and&nbsp; [[Modulation_Methods/Quadrature_Amplitude_Modulation|$\rm QAM$]]&nbsp; $($Quadrature Amplitude Modulation$)$.&nbsp; The semiconductor manufacturers could not agree on a worldwide line code standard for a long time and there was even talk of the&nbsp; "VDSL Line Code War".
+These efforts culminated in April 1998 in the publication of the ETSI Technical Specification&nbsp; "$\text{TS 101 270-1}$",&nbsp; which defines as modulation methods both&nbsp; [[Modulation_Methods/Further_OFDM_Applications#A_brief_description_of_DSL_-_Digital_Subscriber_Line|$\rm DMT$]]&nbsp; $($"Discrete Multitone Transmission"$)$&nbsp;  and&nbsp; [[Modulation_Methods/Quadrature_Amplitude_Modulation|$\rm QAM$]]&nbsp; $($"Quadrature Amplitude Modulation"$)$.&nbsp; The semiconductor manufacturers could not agree on a worldwide line code standard for a long time and there was even talk of the&nbsp; "VDSL Line Code War".
 In 2003,&nbsp; at the so-called&nbsp; "VDSL Olympics",&nbsp; the decision was made in favor of DMT and against QAM or the slightly modified variant&nbsp; [[Examples_of_Communication_Systems/xDSL_as_Transmission_Technology#Carrierless_Amplitude_Phase_Modulation_.28CAP.29|$\rm CAP$]]&nbsp; $($"Carrierless Amplitude Phase Modulation"$)$,&nbsp; namely
@@ Line 197: / Line 197: @@
 ==Exercises for the chapter ==
 <br>
-[[Exercise_2.1:_General_Description_of_xDSL|"Exercise 2.1: General Description of xDSL"]]
+[[Exercise_2.1:_General_Description_of_xDSL|Exercise 2.1: General Description of xDSL]]
 {{Display}}

@@ Line 161: / Line 161: @@
 == Development of ADSL and VDSL in Europe ==
 <br>
-From the above compilation it can be seen that the&nbsp; '''ADSL standardization'''&nbsp; was predominantly driven by&nbsp; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute "ANSI"]&nbsp; (''American National Standards Institute'') and that the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETSI "ETSI"] (''European Telecommunications Standards Institute'') followed shortly thereafter in each case:
+From the above compilation it can be seen that the&nbsp; &raquo;'''ADSL standardization'''&laquo;&nbsp; was predominantly driven by&nbsp; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute $\rm ANSI$]&nbsp; $($"American National Standards Institute"$)$&nbsp; and that&nbsp; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETSI $\rm ETSI$]&nbsp; $($"European Telecommunications Standards Institute"$)$&nbsp; followed shortly thereafter in each case:
-*The first ADSL standard&nbsp; ('''ANSI T1.413''')&nbsp; from 1995 was predominantly optimized for video-on-demand services, which is also made clear by the ratio of the downstream and upstream data rates defined herein:&nbsp; 1.5 Mbit/s and 16 kbit/s, 3 Mbit/s and 16 kbit/s, and finally 6 Mbit/s and 64 kbit/s.
+#The first ADSL standard &nbsp; "$\text{ANSI T1.413}$" &nbsp; from 1995 was predominantly optimized for video-on-demand services,&nbsp; which is also made clear by the ratio of the downstream and upstream data rates defined herein:&nbsp; $1.5$&nbsp; Mbit/s and&nbsp; $16$&nbsp; kbit/s,&nbsp; $3$&nbsp; Mbit/s and&nbsp; $16$&nbsp; kbit/s, and finally&nbsp; $6$&nbsp; Mbit/s and&nbsp; $64$&nbsp;kbit/s.
-*The frequency range was originally defined in such a way that ADSL could only be used to operate an analog telephone on the access line. ETSI published a technical report in 1996 &nbsp;('''ETR 328''')&nbsp; with only a few detailed changes and the possibility to transmit 2048 kbit/s.
+#The frequency range was originally defined in such a way that ADSL could only be used to operate an analog telephone on the access line.&nbsp; ETSI published a technical report &nbsp; "$\text{ETR 328}$" &nbsp; in 1996 with only a few detailed changes and the possibility to transmit&nbsp; $2048$&nbsp; kbit/s.
-*Since the second version of the ANSI standard also allowed only one additional analog telephone, ETSI then defined an ADSL system that differed both in bit rates and in the possibility of using an ISDN basic access on the same twisted pair.
+#Since the second version of the ANSI standard also allowed only one additional analog telephone,&nbsp; ETSI then defined an ADSL system that differed both in bit rates and in the possibility of using an ISDN basic access on the same twisted pair.
-*The ANSI and ETSI standardization efforts of the previous years resulted in the&nbsp; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union "ITU"] recommendation '''G.992.1''' in 1999, which includes both standards and thus allows many options for implementation.
+#The ANSI and ETSI standardization efforts of the previous years resulted in the&nbsp; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union "ITU"] recommendation&nbsp; "$\text{G.992.1}$" &nbsp; in 1999,&nbsp; which includes both standards and thus allows many options for the implementation.
-However, the many options led to major conceptual differences at the end of the 1990s - worldwide, within Europe and also nationally, depending on the semiconductor manufacturer, among other things. Only a few systems, modems and measuring devices interoperated with other manufacturers.
+However,&nbsp; the many options led to major conceptual differences at the end of the 1990s&nbsp; &ndash;&nbsp; worldwide,&nbsp; within Europe and also nationally&nbsp; &ndash;&nbsp; depending on the semiconductor manufacturer,&nbsp; among other things.&nbsp; Only a few systems,&nbsp; modems,&nbsp; and measuring devices interoperated with other manufacturers.
-To counteract this proliferation, Deutsche Telekom AG passed the Technical Guideline&nbsp; '''1TR112''' at the end of 2001, defining all the necessary interface parameters to ensure the interoperability of different manufacturer modems on the provider and customer side. Due to Telekom's market power, this became the quasi-standard for Germany.
+To counteract this proliferation,&nbsp; The&nbsp; "Deutsche Telekom AG"&nbsp; passed the technical guideline&nbsp; "$\text{1TR112}$" &nbsp; at the end of 2001,&nbsp; defining all the necessary interface parameters to ensure the interoperability of different manufacturer modems on the provider and customer side.&nbsp;
-Furthermore, only those ADSL variants were used in Germany that allowed simultaneous operation of ISDN at any time. Thus, when switching from POTS to ISDN, it was not necessary to change the ADSL version as well.
+*Due to Telekom's market power,&nbsp; this became the quasi-standard for Germany.
 The '''VDSL standardization''' relevant for Europe was decisively shaped by ETSI and often happened in parallel to the American activities. Overall, VDSL standardization proceeded in a more orderly fashion than ADSL. The 3-step plan adopted by ETSI provided for:
 *Stage 1:&nbsp; Functional and electrical requirements for VDSL systems,
 *Stage 2:&nbsp; Transmission coding and access method requirements,
 *Stage 3:&nbsp; Interoperability requirements.
-These efforts culminated in April 1998 in the publication of the ETSI Technical Specification&nbsp; '''TS 101 270-1''', which defines as modulation methods both&nbsp; [[Modulation_Methods/Further_OFDM_Applications#A_brief_description_of_DSL_-_Digital_Subscriber_Line|"DMT"]]&nbsp; (''Discrete Multitone Transmission'') and&nbsp; [[Modulation_Methods/Quadrature_Amplitude_Modulation|"QAM"]]&nbsp; (quadrature amplitude modulation). The semiconductor manufacturers could not agree on a worldwide line code standard for a long time and there was even talk of the ''VDSL Line Code War''. In 2003, at the so-called ''VDSL Olympics'', the decision was made in favor of DMT and against QAM or the slightly modified variant&nbsp; [[Examples_of_Communication_Systems/xDSL_as_Transmission_Technology#Carrierless_Amplitude_Phase_Modulation_.28CAP.29|"CAP"]]&nbsp; (''Carrierless Amplitude Phase Modulation''), namely.
+These efforts culminated in April 1998 in the publication of the ETSI Technical Specification&nbsp; "$\text{TS 101 270-1}$",&nbsp; which defines as modulation methods both&nbsp; [[Modulation_Methods/Further_OFDM_Applications#A_brief_description_of_DSL_-_Digital_Subscriber_Line|$\rm DMT$]]&nbsp; $($"Discrete Multitone Transmission"$)$&nbsp;  and&nbsp; [[Modulation_Methods/Quadrature_Amplitude_Modulation|$\rm QAM$]]&nbsp; $($Quadrature Amplitude Modulation$)$.&nbsp; The semiconductor manufacturers could not agree on a worldwide line code standard for a long time and there was even talk of the&nbsp; "VDSL Line Code War".
 *because of the robustness of DMT against narrowband interference sources,
-*although QAM (CAP) would allow faster call setup.

@@ Line 107: / Line 107: @@
 <br>
-[[File:EN_Bei_2_1_s3_v3.png|right|frame|Industrial xDSL development]]
+The need for digital subscriber lines to improve line utilization and increase customer convenience was recognized as early as the 1970s.&nbsp; After the ISDN specification in the early 1980s,&nbsp; the actual development of DSL began.
-The need for digital subscriber lines to improve line utilization and increase customer convenience was recognized as early as the 1970s. After the ISDN specification in the early 1980s, the actual development of DSL began.
+*This development was influenced by the findings of many groups located around the world.&nbsp; Accordingly,&nbsp; the standardization proceeded in an unstructured manner.
-*This development was influenced by the findings of many groups located around the world. Accordingly, standardization proceeded in an unstructured manner. From the list below ("Milestones"), it is clear that different committees around the world were in charge of the various standards.
+*From the list on the right,&nbsp; it is clear that different committees around the world were in charge of the various standards.
-The graphic illustrates relationships between.
+*Some standards were started as projects even before the specification,&nbsp; since the industry parties were also represented in the standardization committees.
-Here are thenbsp; '''Milestones'''nbsp; of DSL development in short form:
+The graph illustrates the relationships between
-'''1989'''  &nbsp; First HDSL prototypes appear.  # Bellcore meanwhile works on the conceptual definition of ADSL.
-*'''1992'''  &nbsp; In February, first publication of '''ANSI Technical Report E1T1/92-002R1''': "''High Bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line'' - HDSL".  # The first prototypes for ADSL ('''''A'''symmetric '''D'''igital '''S'''ubscriber '''L'''ine'') appear.
+[[File:EN_Bei_2_1_s3_v3.png|right|frame|Milestones of the industrial xDSL development]]
-*'''1994'''  &nbsp; The VDSL concept ('''''V'''ery-high-speed '''D'''igital '''S'''ubscriber '''L'''ine'') is discussed for the first time.
+$\text{Milestones of DSL development in short form:}$
-*'''1995'''  &nbsp; Publication of '''ETSI Technical Report ETR 152''': ''High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line'' (HDSL)'' and '''Transmission Systems on Metallic Local Lines'''.  <br># First field trials with ADSL in the USA.  # Publication of '''ADSL Standard ANSI T1.413''': "''Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line'' (ADSL) ''Metallic Interface''".
-*'''1996'''  &nbsp; First publication of '''ETSI Technical Report ETR 328''': ''Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)'' and ''Transmission and Multiplexing (TM)''.
+'''1986'''  &nbsp; A first concept for&nbsp; $\rm HDSL$&nbsp; $($"'''H'''igh-bit-rate '''D'''igital '''S'''ubscriber '''L'''ine"$)$&nbsp; is defined by AT&T,&nbsp; Bell Laboratories and Bellcore.
-*'''1998'''  In April, first publication of the '''ETSI Technical Specification TS 101 270-1 V1.1.1''': "''Very-high-speed Digital Subscriber Line'' (VDSL)".  <br>#  Almost simultaneously, first publication of '''ANSI Draft Technical Document T1E1.4/98-043R1''': "''Very-high-speed Digital Subscriber Lines''".  # In October, first publication of '''ITU Recommendation G.991.1''': "''High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line'' (HDSL) ''Transceivers''".  # Almost simultaneously publication of '''ETSI Technical Specification TS 101 135''': "''High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line'' (HDSL) - ''Transmission Systems on Metallic Local Lines''".  # In November, publication of '''ETSI Technical Specification TS 101 388 V1.1.1''': "''Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line'' (ADSL) - ''European Specific Requirements''".
-*'''1999'''  &nbsp; In June publication of '''ITU Recommendations G.992.1''': '''Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line'' (ADSL) ''Transceivers''' and '''G.992.2''': "''Splitterless Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line'' (ADSL) ''Transceivers''".  # On July 22, Deutsche Telekom AG offers ADSL in Germany for the first time (T-DSL 768).
+'''1989'''  &nbsp; First HDSL prototypes appear;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &rArr; &nbsp; &nbsp; Bellcore meanwhile works on the conceptual definition of&nbsp; $\rm  ADSL$ &nbsp; $($"'''A'''symmetric '''D'''igital '''S'''ubscriber '''L'''ine"$)$.
-*'''2001'''  &nbsp; In February, publication of '''ITU Recommendation G.991.2''': "''Single-pair High-speed Digital Subscriber Line'' (SHDSL) ''Transceivers''".  <br>#  In November, publication of '''ITU Recommendation G.993.1''': ''Very-high-speed Digital Subscriber Line transceivers'' (VDSL).
-*'''2002'''  &nbsp; First publications of '''ITU Recommendations G.992.3''': ''Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Transceivers 2'' (ADSL2)'' and '''G.992.4''': "''Splitterless Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Transceivers 2'' (splitterless ADSL2)" .
+'''1992'''  &nbsp; First publication of the&nbsp; $\text{ANSI Technical Report E1T1/92-002R1}$:<br>"High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line";&nbsp; &nbsp;  &rArr; &nbsp; &nbsp; The first ADSL prototypes  appear.
-*'''2003'''  &nbsp; First publication of '''ITU Recommendation G.992.5''': '''Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line'' (ADSL) ''Transceivers - Extended-bandwidth ADSL2'' (ADSL2+)'' .
-*'''2006'''  &nbsp; In February, publication of '''ITU Recommendation G.993.2''': "''Very-high-speed Digital Subscriber Line Transceivers 2'' (VDSL2)".  # In October, Deutsche Telekom AG offers VDSL2 to end customers in selected cities for the first time.
+'''1994'''  &nbsp; The&nbsp; $\rm VDSL$&nbsp; concept&nbsp; $($"'''V'''ery-high-speed '''D'''igital '''S'''ubscriber '''L'''ine"$)$&nbsp; is discussed for the first time.

@@ Line 101: / Line 101: @@
 *$\text{WDSL}$&nbsp; –&nbsp; "Wireless Digital Subscriber Line":&nbsp; Brand name of a German company that uses wireless technology to enable data rates of up to&nbsp; $108$&nbsp; Mbit/s in DSL-free areas.
-*$\text{mvoxSatellit}$: &nbsp; Brand name of an Internet access with&nbsp; "WiMAX-like radio technology",&nbsp; which,&nbsp; like WDSL and PortableDSL,&nbsp; is only an auxiliary construct for DSL-free areas.
+*$\text{mvoxSatellit}$: &nbsp; Brand name of an Internet access with&nbsp; "WiMAX-like radio technology",&nbsp; which like WDSL and PortableDSL is only an auxiliary construct for DSL-free areas.
-==Historical development of xDSL - standardizations ==
+==Historical development of xDSL standardizations ==
 <br>
 The need for digital subscriber lines to improve line utilization and increase customer convenience was recognized as early as the 1970s. After the ISDN specification in the early 1980s, the actual development of DSL began.
 *This development was influenced by the findings of many groups located around the world. Accordingly, standardization proceeded in an unstructured manner. From the list below ("Milestones"), it is clear that different committees around the world were in charge of the various standards.
 *In the industry, the technical realizations of the individual xDSL standards often deviated noticeably from the specification. For example, some standards were started as projects even before the specification, since the industry parties were also represented in the standardization committees.
 The graphic illustrates relationships between.
 *milestones in the theoretical and practical design of transmission systems,
 *parallel advances in semiconductor development, and the
 *realization of the individual xDSL standards with the corresponding data rates.
-<br clear=all>
 Here are thenbsp; '''Milestones'''nbsp; of DSL development in short form:
-*'''1986'''  &nbsp; A first concept for HDSL ('''''H'''igh-bit-rate '''D'''igital '''S'''ubscriber '''L'''ine'') is defined by AT&T, Bell Laboratories and Bellcore.
-*'''1989'''  &nbsp; First HDSL prototypes appear.  # Bellcore meanwhile works on the conceptual definition of ADSL.
+'''1986'''  &nbsp; A first concept for HDSL ('''''H'''igh-bit-rate '''D'''igital '''S'''ubscriber '''L'''ine'') is defined by AT&T, Bell Laboratories and Bellcore.
 *'''1992'''  &nbsp; In February, first publication of '''ANSI Technical Report E1T1/92-002R1''': "''High Bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line'' - HDSL".  # The first prototypes for ADSL ('''''A'''symmetric '''D'''igital '''S'''ubscriber '''L'''ine'') appear.
 *'''1994'''  &nbsp; The VDSL concept ('''''V'''ery-high-speed '''D'''igital '''S'''ubscriber '''L'''ine'') is discussed for the first time.

@@ Line 111: / Line 111: @@
-[[File:P_ID1906__Bei_2_1_S3_v1.png|right|frame|Industrial xDSL development]]
+[[File:EN_Bei_2_1_s3_v2.png|right|frame|Industrial xDSL development]]
 The graphic illustrates relationships between.
 *milestones in the theoretical and practical design of transmission systems,