Difference between revisions of "Aufgaben:Exercise 5.7Z: McCullough Model once more"
m (Guenter verschob die Seite 5.7Z Nochmals McCullough-Modell nach Aufgabe 5.7Z: Nochmals McCullough-Modell) |
|||
(10 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
− | {{quiz-Header|Buchseite= | + | {{quiz-Header|Buchseite=Digital_Signal_Transmission/Burst_Error_Channels}} |
− | [[File:P_ID1845__Dig_Z_5_7.png|right|frame| | + | [[File:P_ID1845__Dig_Z_5_7.png|right|frame|EDD and ECF of GE model and equivalent MC model]] |
− | + | As in [[Aufgaben:Exercise_5.6:_Error_Correlation_Duration|"Exercise 5.6"]], [[Aufgaben:Exercise_5.6Z:_Gilbert-Elliott_Model|"Exercise 5.6Z"]] and [[Aufgaben:Exercise_5.7:_McCullough_and_Gilbert-Elliott_Parameters|"Exercise 5.7"]], we consider the burst error channel model according to Gilbert and Elliott (GE model) with the parameters | |
:$$p_{\rm G} \hspace{-0.1cm} \ = \ \hspace{-0.1cm} 0.001, | :$$p_{\rm G} \hspace{-0.1cm} \ = \ \hspace{-0.1cm} 0.001, | ||
\hspace{0.2cm}p_{\rm B} = 0.1,\hspace{0.2cm} | \hspace{0.2cm}p_{\rm B} = 0.1,\hspace{0.2cm} | ||
Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G) = 0.01\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G) = 0.01\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | ||
− | + | From these four probabilities, the corresponding characteristics of the channel model according to McCullough (MC model) can be determined in such a way that both models have exactly the same statistical properties, namely | |
− | * | + | * exactly the same error distance distribution (EDD) $V_a(k)$, |
− | * | + | * exactly the same error correlation function (ECF) $\varphi_e(k)$. |
− | + | The probabilities of the MC model were determined in [[Aufgaben:Exercise_5.7:_McCullough_and_Gilbert-Elliott_Parameters|"Exercise 5.7"]] as follows $($labels according to the graph for Exercise 5.7, all with $q$ instead of $p)$: | |
:$$q_{\rm G} \hspace{-0.1cm} \ = \ \hspace{-0.1cm} 0.0061, | :$$q_{\rm G} \hspace{-0.1cm} \ = \ \hspace{-0.1cm} 0.0061, | ||
\hspace{0.2cm}q_{\rm B} = 0.1949,\hspace{0.2cm} | \hspace{0.2cm}q_{\rm B} = 0.1949,\hspace{0.2cm} | ||
Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G) = 0.3724\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G) = 0.3724\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | ||
− | + | The upper graph shows the functions $V_a(k)$ and $\varphi_e(k)$ simulatively determined from $N = 10^6$ sequence elements for the GE and MC models. There are still slight discrepancies here. In the limiting case for $N → ∞$, on the other hand, error correlation function and error distance distribution of both models agree exactly. | |
− | In | + | In this exercise, important descriptive variables of the GE model such as |
− | * | + | *state probabilities, |
− | * | + | *mean error probabilities, and |
− | * | + | *correlation duration |
− | |||
+ | should be determined directly from the $q$ parameters of the MC model. | ||
− | '' | + | |
− | * | + | |
− | * | + | |
− | + | ||
− | :(a) | + | |
+ | ''Notes:'' | ||
+ | * The exercise belongs to the chapter [[Digital_Signal_Transmission/Burst_Error_Channels| "Burst Error Channels"]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * From the above exercises, the following results can be further used: | ||
+ | :(a) The state probabilities of the GE model are | ||
:$$w_{\rm G} = \frac{p(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B)}{p(\rm | :$$w_{\rm G} = \frac{p(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B)}{p(\rm | ||
G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B) + p(\rm | G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B) + p(\rm | ||
Line 45: | Line 50: | ||
\hspace{0.05cm},\hspace{0.2cm} w_{\rm B} = 1 - w_{\rm G | \hspace{0.05cm},\hspace{0.2cm} w_{\rm B} = 1 - w_{\rm G | ||
}\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | }\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | ||
− | :(b) | + | :(b) The mean error probability of the GE model is |
:$$p_{\rm M} = w_{\rm G} \cdot p_{\rm G} + w_{\rm B} \cdot p_{\rm B} | :$$p_{\rm M} = w_{\rm G} \cdot p_{\rm G} + w_{\rm B} \cdot p_{\rm B} | ||
= \varphi_{e}(k = 0 )\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | = \varphi_{e}(k = 0 )\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | ||
− | :(c) | + | :(c) The correlation duration of the GE model is calculated as |
:$$D_{\rm K} =\frac{1}{{\rm Pr}(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} | :$$D_{\rm K} =\frac{1}{{\rm Pr}(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} | ||
B ) + {\rm Pr}(\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G )}-1 | B ) + {\rm Pr}(\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G )}-1 | ||
Line 55: | Line 60: | ||
− | === | + | ===Questions=== |
<quiz display=simple> | <quiz display=simple> | ||
− | { | + | {Calculate the probabilities $\alpha_{\rm G}$ and $\alpha_{\rm B}$ that the MC model is in the state "Good" and the state "Bad". |
|type="{}"} | |type="{}"} | ||
$\alpha_{\rm G} \hspace{0.05cm} = \ ${ 0.5975 3% } | $\alpha_{\rm G} \hspace{0.05cm} = \ ${ 0.5975 3% } | ||
$\alpha_{\rm B} \ = \ ${ 0.4025 3% } | $\alpha_{\rm B} \ = \ ${ 0.4025 3% } | ||
− | { | + | {Determine the mean error distance of the MC model. |
|type="{}"} | |type="{}"} | ||
− | ${\rm E}[a] \ = \ ${ 100.1 3% } | + | ${\rm E}\big[a\big] \ = \ ${ 100.1 3% } |
− | { | + | {What is the error correlation function value for $k = 0$? |
|type="{}"} | |type="{}"} | ||
$\varphi_e(k = 0) \ = \ ${ 0.01 3% } | $\varphi_e(k = 0) \ = \ ${ 0.01 3% } | ||
− | { | + | {Give the error correlation duration $D_{\rm K}$ as a function of the MC parameters $q_{\rm G}, q_{\rm B}, q(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm}B)$ and $q(\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm}G)$. <br>Which result is correct? |
− | |type=" | + | |type="()"} |
- $D_{\rm K} = \big [q({\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm}G}) + q({\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm}B})\big]^{-1} \ -1$, | - $D_{\rm K} = \big [q({\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm}G}) + q({\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm}B})\big]^{-1} \ -1$, | ||
+ $D_{\rm K} = \big [q_{\rm G} \cdot q({\rm G|B}) + q_{\rm B} \cdot q({\rm G|B}) \big]^{-1} \ -1$. | + $D_{\rm K} = \big [q_{\rm G} \cdot q({\rm G|B}) + q_{\rm B} \cdot q({\rm G|B}) \big]^{-1} \ -1$. | ||
</quiz> | </quiz> | ||
− | === | + | ===Solution=== |
{{ML-Kopf}} | {{ML-Kopf}} | ||
− | '''(1)''' | + | '''(1)''' For the state probabilities of the GE model was determined in Exercise 5.6Z: |
:$$w_{\rm G} = \frac{p(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B)}{p(\rm | :$$w_{\rm G} = \frac{p(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B)}{p(\rm | ||
G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B) + p(\rm | G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B) + p(\rm | ||
Line 85: | Line 90: | ||
}= 0.091\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | }= 0.091\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | ||
− | + | *In contrast, for the MC model we obtain: | |
:$$\alpha_{\rm G} \hspace{-0.1cm} \ = \ \hspace{-0.1cm} \frac{q(\rm | :$$\alpha_{\rm G} \hspace{-0.1cm} \ = \ \hspace{-0.1cm} \frac{q(\rm | ||
G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B)}{q(\rm | G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B)}{q(\rm | ||
Line 94: | Line 99: | ||
\alpha_{\rm G} \hspace{0.15cm}\underline {= 0.4025}\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | \alpha_{\rm G} \hspace{0.15cm}\underline {= 0.4025}\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | ||
− | In | + | *In subtask '''(3)''' of Exercise 5.7, these values have already been determined once, but from the parameters of the equivalent Gilbert-Elliott model. |
+ | |||
− | '''(2)''' | + | '''(2)''' The mean error distance in the channel state "GOOD" is equal to the reciprocal of the associated error probability $q_{\rm G}$. |
+ | *Accordingly, the mean error distance in the state "BAD" is $1/q_{\rm B}$. | ||
+ | *By weighting with the two state probabilities $\alpha_{\rm G}$ and $\alpha_{\rm B}$, the mean error distance of the MC model as a whole is given by | ||
:$${\rm E}[a] =\frac{\alpha_{\rm G}}{q_{\rm G}} + \frac{\alpha_{\rm | :$${\rm E}[a] =\frac{\alpha_{\rm G}}{q_{\rm G}} + \frac{\alpha_{\rm | ||
B}}{q_{\rm B}}=\frac{0.5975}{0.0061} + \frac{0.4025}{0.1949} = | B}}{q_{\rm B}}=\frac{0.5975}{0.0061} + \frac{0.4025}{0.1949} = | ||
97.95 + 2.06\hspace{0.15cm}\underline { = 100.1}\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | 97.95 + 2.06\hspace{0.15cm}\underline { = 100.1}\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | ||
− | + | *Of course, this value should be exactly the same as for the corresponding GE model. | |
+ | *The small deviation of $0.1$ is due to rounding errors. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''(3)''' Again, the relation $\varphi_e(k = 0) = p_{\rm M}$ holds. | ||
+ | *However, the mean error probability is equal to the reciprocal of the mean error distance ${\rm E}[a]$. | ||
+ | *It follows that $\varphi_e(k = 0) \ \underline {= 0.01}$. | ||
− | |||
− | '''(4)''' | + | '''(4)''' In the GE model, the correlation duration is given as follows ($S$ stands for sum): |
:$$D_{\rm K} = {1}/{S}-1 \hspace{0.05cm},\hspace{0.2cm}S = {\rm | :$$D_{\rm K} = {1}/{S}-1 \hspace{0.05cm},\hspace{0.2cm}S = {\rm | ||
Pr}(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B ) + {\rm Pr}(\rm | Pr}(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B ) + {\rm Pr}(\rm | ||
B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G )\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G )\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | ||
− | + | *Further, using the data for Exercise 5.7: | |
:$$q({\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G }) = \frac{\alpha_{\rm | :$$q({\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G }) = \frac{\alpha_{\rm | ||
B} \cdot S}{\alpha_{\rm G} \cdot q_{\rm B} + \alpha_{\rm B} \cdot | B} \cdot S}{\alpha_{\rm G} \cdot q_{\rm B} + \alpha_{\rm B} \cdot | ||
Line 130: | Line 143: | ||
q({\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B })}-1 \hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | q({\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B })}-1 \hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | ||
− | + | *So, the correct solution is <u>solution 2</u>. With the given parameter values, we obtain, for example: | |
:$$D_{\rm K} =\frac{1}{0.0061 \cdot 0.3724 + 0.1949 \cdot | :$$D_{\rm K} =\frac{1}{0.0061 \cdot 0.3724 + 0.1949 \cdot | ||
0.5528}-1=\frac{1}{0.11}-1 {\approx 8.09}\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | 0.5528}-1=\frac{1}{0.11}-1 {\approx 8.09}\hspace{0.05cm}.$$ | ||
− | + | *The result is exactly the same value as in subtask '''(3)''' of Exercise 5.6. | |
{{ML-Fuß}} | {{ML-Fuß}} | ||
− | [[Category: | + | [[Category:Digital Signal Transmission: Exercises|^5.3 Burst Error Channels^]] |
Latest revision as of 09:22, 21 September 2022
As in "Exercise 5.6", "Exercise 5.6Z" and "Exercise 5.7", we consider the burst error channel model according to Gilbert and Elliott (GE model) with the parameters
- $$p_{\rm G} \hspace{-0.1cm} \ = \ \hspace{-0.1cm} 0.001, \hspace{0.2cm}p_{\rm B} = 0.1,\hspace{0.2cm} p(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B)\hspace{-0.1cm} \ = \ \hspace{-0.1cm} 0.1, \hspace{0.2cm} p(\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G) = 0.01\hspace{0.05cm}.$$
From these four probabilities, the corresponding characteristics of the channel model according to McCullough (MC model) can be determined in such a way that both models have exactly the same statistical properties, namely
- exactly the same error distance distribution (EDD) $V_a(k)$,
- exactly the same error correlation function (ECF) $\varphi_e(k)$.
The probabilities of the MC model were determined in "Exercise 5.7" as follows $($labels according to the graph for Exercise 5.7, all with $q$ instead of $p)$:
- $$q_{\rm G} \hspace{-0.1cm} \ = \ \hspace{-0.1cm} 0.0061, \hspace{0.2cm}q_{\rm B} = 0.1949,\hspace{0.2cm} q(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B)\hspace{-0.1cm} \ = \ \hspace{-0.1cm} 0.5528, \hspace{0.2cm} q(\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G) = 0.3724\hspace{0.05cm}.$$
The upper graph shows the functions $V_a(k)$ and $\varphi_e(k)$ simulatively determined from $N = 10^6$ sequence elements for the GE and MC models. There are still slight discrepancies here. In the limiting case for $N → ∞$, on the other hand, error correlation function and error distance distribution of both models agree exactly.
In this exercise, important descriptive variables of the GE model such as
- state probabilities,
- mean error probabilities, and
- correlation duration
should be determined directly from the $q$ parameters of the MC model.
Notes:
- The exercise belongs to the chapter "Burst Error Channels".
- From the above exercises, the following results can be further used:
- (a) The state probabilities of the GE model are
- $$w_{\rm G} = \frac{p(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B)}{p(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B) + p(\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G)} \hspace{0.05cm},\hspace{0.2cm} w_{\rm B} = 1 - w_{\rm G }\hspace{0.05cm}.$$
- (b) The mean error probability of the GE model is
- $$p_{\rm M} = w_{\rm G} \cdot p_{\rm G} + w_{\rm B} \cdot p_{\rm B} = \varphi_{e}(k = 0 )\hspace{0.05cm}.$$
- (c) The correlation duration of the GE model is calculated as
- $$D_{\rm K} =\frac{1}{{\rm Pr}(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B ) + {\rm Pr}(\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G )}-1 \hspace{0.05cm}.$$
Questions
Solution
- $$w_{\rm G} = \frac{p(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B)}{p(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B) + p(\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G)} = 0.909 \hspace{0.05cm},\hspace{0.5cm} w_{\rm B} = 1 - w_{\rm G }= 0.091\hspace{0.05cm}.$$
- In contrast, for the MC model we obtain:
- $$\alpha_{\rm G} \hspace{-0.1cm} \ = \ \hspace{-0.1cm} \frac{q(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B)}{q(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B) + q(\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G)}= \frac{0.5528}{0.5528 + 0.3724}\hspace{0.15cm}\underline {= 0.5975}\hspace{0.05cm},\hspace{0.5cm} \alpha_{\rm B} \hspace{-0.1cm} \ = \ \hspace{-0.1cm} 1 - \alpha_{\rm G} \hspace{0.15cm}\underline {= 0.4025}\hspace{0.05cm}.$$
- In subtask (3) of Exercise 5.7, these values have already been determined once, but from the parameters of the equivalent Gilbert-Elliott model.
(2) The mean error distance in the channel state "GOOD" is equal to the reciprocal of the associated error probability $q_{\rm G}$.
- Accordingly, the mean error distance in the state "BAD" is $1/q_{\rm B}$.
- By weighting with the two state probabilities $\alpha_{\rm G}$ and $\alpha_{\rm B}$, the mean error distance of the MC model as a whole is given by
- $${\rm E}[a] =\frac{\alpha_{\rm G}}{q_{\rm G}} + \frac{\alpha_{\rm B}}{q_{\rm B}}=\frac{0.5975}{0.0061} + \frac{0.4025}{0.1949} = 97.95 + 2.06\hspace{0.15cm}\underline { = 100.1}\hspace{0.05cm}.$$
- Of course, this value should be exactly the same as for the corresponding GE model.
- The small deviation of $0.1$ is due to rounding errors.
(3) Again, the relation $\varphi_e(k = 0) = p_{\rm M}$ holds.
- However, the mean error probability is equal to the reciprocal of the mean error distance ${\rm E}[a]$.
- It follows that $\varphi_e(k = 0) \ \underline {= 0.01}$.
(4) In the GE model, the correlation duration is given as follows ($S$ stands for sum):
- $$D_{\rm K} = {1}/{S}-1 \hspace{0.05cm},\hspace{0.2cm}S = {\rm Pr}(\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B ) + {\rm Pr}(\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G )\hspace{0.05cm}.$$
- Further, using the data for Exercise 5.7:
- $$q({\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G }) = \frac{\alpha_{\rm B} \cdot S}{\alpha_{\rm G} \cdot q_{\rm B} + \alpha_{\rm B} \cdot q_{\rm G}} \hspace{0.05cm}, \hspace{0.2cm}q({\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B })= \frac{\alpha_{\rm G}}{\alpha_{\rm B}} \cdot q(\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G )$$
- $$\Rightarrow \hspace{0.3cm} S = q_{\rm G} \cdot q({\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G }) + q_{\rm B} \cdot \frac{\alpha_{\rm G}}{\alpha_{\rm B}} \cdot q(\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G ) = q_{\rm G} \cdot q({\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G })+ q_{\rm B} \cdot q({\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B }) \hspace{0.05cm}.$$
- $$\Rightarrow \hspace{0.3cm}D_{\rm K} =\frac{1}{q_{\rm G} \cdot q({\rm B\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} G })+ q_{\rm B} \cdot q({\rm G\hspace{0.05cm}|\hspace{0.05cm} B })}-1 \hspace{0.05cm}.$$
- So, the correct solution is solution 2. With the given parameter values, we obtain, for example:
- $$D_{\rm K} =\frac{1}{0.0061 \cdot 0.3724 + 0.1949 \cdot 0.5528}-1=\frac{1}{0.11}-1 {\approx 8.09}\hspace{0.05cm}.$$
- The result is exactly the same value as in subtask (3) of Exercise 5.6.