Aufgaben:Exercise 4.1Z: Appointment to Breakfast: Difference between revisions

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[[File:P_ID245__Sto_Z_4_1.jpg|right|frame|Kanzlerkandidat(inn)en–Frühstück im Jahr 2002]]
[[File:P_ID245__Sto_Z_4_1.jpg|right|frame|Candidates for Chancellor having breakfast in 2002]]
Frau M. und Herr S. treffen sich ja bekanntlich öfter einmal zu einem gemeinsamen Frühstück:  
Ms. M. and Mr. S. are known to meet often for a joint breakfast:  
*Beide versprechen, an einem bestimmten Tag zwischen 8 Uhr und 9 Uhr zu einem solchen Treffen zu kommen.  
*Both promise to come to such a meeting on a certain day between 8 am and 9 am.  
*Weiter vereinbaren sie, dass jeder von ihnen in diesem Zeitraum (und nur in diesem) auf "Gut Glück" eintrifft und bis zu einer Viertelstunde auf den Anderen wartet.
*Further, they agree that each of them will arrive in this period (and only in this period) on "good luck" and wait up to fifteen minutes for the other.




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''Hinweise:''
 
*Die Aufgabe gehört zum  Kapitel  [[Theory_of_Stochastic_Signals/Zweidimensionale_Zufallsgrößen|Zweidimensionale Zufallsgrößen]].
Hints:
*The task belongs to the chapter  [[Theory_of_Stochastic_Signals/Two-Dimensional_Random_Variables|Two-Dimensional Random Variables]].
   
   
*Verwenden Sie bei den folgenden Fragen als Zeitangabe die Minute der Ankunftszeit:&nbsp; <br>"Minute = 0" steht f&uuml;r 8 Uhr,&nbsp; "Minute = 60" f&uuml;r 9 Uhr.
*Use the minute of arrival time as the time in the following questions:&nbsp; <br>"Minute = 0" stands for 8 o'clock, "Minute = 60" for 9 o'clock.
*Die Aufgabe entstand vor der Bundestagswahl 2002, als sowohl Dr. Angela Merkel als auch Dr. Edmund Stoiber Kanzlerkandidat(in) der CDU/CSU werden wollten.  
*The task arose before the 2002 Bundestag elections, when both Dr. Angela Merkel and Dr. Edmund Stoiber wanted to become the CDU/CSU's candidate for chancellor.  
*Bei einem gemeinsamen Frühstück in Wolfratshausen verzichtete Frau Merkel.&nbsp; Die spätere Wahl gewann Gerhard Schröder (SPD).
*At a joint breakfast in Wolfratshausen, Mrs. Merkel renounced.&nbsp; The later election was won by Gerhard Schröder (SPD).
 






===Fragebogen===
===Questions===


<quiz display=simple>
<quiz display=simple>
{Wie gro&szlig; ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit&nbsp; $p_1$, dass sich die beiden treffen, wenn Herr S. um 8 Uhr 30 ankommt? Begr&uuml;nden Sie Ihre Antwort.
{What is the probability $p_1$ that the two will meet when Mr. S. arrives at 8:30? Give reasons for your answer.
|type="{}"}
|type="{}"}
$p_1 \ = \ $ { 50 1% } $\ \%$
$p_1 \ = \ $ { 50 1% } $\ \%$




{Welche Ankunftszeit sollte Frau M. w&auml;hlen, wenn sie Herrn S. eigentlich nicht treffen m&ouml;chte, sich aber trotzdem an die getroffene Vereinbarung halten will? <br>Wie gro&szlig; ist dann die Wahrscheinlichkeit&nbsp; $p_2$, dass sich Frau M. und Herr S. treffen werden?
{Which arrival time should Ms. M. choose if she does not actually want to meet Mr. S., but still wants to keep to the agreement made? <br>What is the probability $p_2$ that Ms. M. and Mr. S. will meet?
|type="{}"}
|type="{}"}
$p_2 \ = \ $ { 25 1% } $\ \%$
$p_2 \ = \ $ { 25 1% } $\ \%$




{Welche Ankunftszeit sollte Frau M. w&auml;hlen, wenn sie nicht nur ein Treffen m&ouml;glichst vermeiden, sondern die Wartezeit minimieren m&ouml;chte?
{Which arrival time should Ms. M. choose if she not only wants to avoid a meeting as much as possible, but also wants to minimize the waiting time?
|type="{}"}
|type="{}"}
$\rm Minute \ = \ ${ 60 }
$\rm minute \ = \ ${ 60 }




{Wie gro&szlig; ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit&nbsp; $p_4$&nbsp; f&uuml;r ein Zusammentreffen generell, das heißt, wenn beide tats&auml;chlich auf "Gut Gl&uuml;ck" erscheinen?
{What is the probability&nbsp; $p_4$&nbsp; for a meeting in general, that is, if both actually appear on "Gut Gl&uuml;ck"?
|type="{}"}
|type="{}"}
$p_4 \ = \ $ { 43.75 1% } $\ \%$
$p_4 \ = \ $ { 43.75 1% } $\ \%$




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</quiz>
</quiz>


===Musterlösung===
===Solution===
{{ML-Kopf}}
{{ML-Kopf}}
'''(1)'''&nbsp; Kommt Herr S. um 8 Uhr 30, so trifft er Frau M., wenn diese zwischen 8 Uhr 15 und 8 Uhr 45 ankommt. Damit ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit
'''(1)'''&nbsp; If Mr. S. arrives at 8:30, he will meet Mrs. M. if she arrives between 8:15 and 8:45. Thus the probability
:$$p_1 = \text{Pr(Herr S. trifft Frau M.)}\hspace{0.15cm}\underline{=50\%}.$$
:$$p_1 = \text{Pr(Mr. S. meets Ms. M.)}\hspace{0.15cm}\underline{=50\%}.$$




[[File:EN_Sto_Z_4_1_d.png|right|frame|"Günstiger Bereich" für Zusammentreffen]]
[[File:EN_Sto_Z_4_1_d.png|right|frame|"Favorable area" for meeting]]
'''(2)'''&nbsp; Kommt Frau M. um 8 Uhr, so trifft sie Herrn S. nur dann, wenn dieser vor 8 Uhr 15 kommt.  
'''(2)'''&nbsp; If Ms. M. arrives at 8 a.m., she meets Mr. S. only if he arrives before 8:15.  
*Erscheint Frau M. um 9 Uhr, dann muss Herr S. nach 8 Uhr 45 angekommen sein, damit sich beide treffen k&ouml;nnen.  
*If Mrs. M. arrives at 9 a.m., Mr. S. must arrive after 8:45 a.m. so that they can meet.  
*Die Wahrscheinlichkeit f&uuml;r ein Zusammentreffen ist in beiden F&auml;llen:  
*The probability of meeting is the same in both cases:  
:$$p_2 = \big[\text{Min Pr(Herr S. trifft Frau M.)}\big]\hspace{0.15cm}\underline{=25\%}.$$
:$$p_2 = \big[\text{Min Pr(Mr. S. meets Ms. M.)}\big]\hspace{0.15cm}\underline{=25\%}.$$




'''(3)'''&nbsp; Von den beiden unter&nbsp;&nbsp; '''(2)''' berechneten Ankunftszeiten ist 9 Uhr&nbsp; $(\underline{\text{Minute = 60}})$&nbsp; g&uuml;nstiger, <br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; da sie &ndash; falls Herr S. nicht da ist &ndash; sofort wieder gehen kann.
'''(3)'''&nbsp; Of the two arrival times calculated in&nbsp;'''(2)''', 9 o'clock&nbsp; $(\underline{\text{Minute = 60}})$&nbsp; is more favorable, <br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; since she &ndash; if Mr. S. is not there &ndash; can leave immediately.






'''(4)'''&nbsp; Die Wahrscheinlichkeit&nbsp; $p_4$&nbsp; ergibt sich als das Verh&auml;ltnis der roten Fl&auml;che in der Grafik zur Gesamtfl&auml;che&nbsp; $1$.  
'''(4)'''&nbsp; The probability&nbsp; $p_4$&nbsp; is given as the ratio of the red area in the graph to the total area&nbsp; $1$.  
*Mit den Dreiecksfl&auml;chen erh&auml;lt man:
*Using the triangular areas, one obtains:
:$$p_4=\rm 1-2\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot\frac{3}{4}=\frac{7}{16}\hspace{0.15cm}\underline{=\rm 43.75\%}.$$
:$$p_4=\rm 1-2\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot\frac{3}{4}=\frac{7}{16}\hspace{0.15cm}\underline{=\rm 43.75\%}.$$



Revision as of 19:56, 17 January 2022

Candidates for Chancellor having breakfast in 2002

Ms. M. and Mr. S. are known to meet often for a joint breakfast:

  • Both promise to come to such a meeting on a certain day between 8 am and 9 am.
  • Further, they agree that each of them will arrive in this period (and only in this period) on "good luck" and wait up to fifteen minutes for the other.





Hints:

  • Use the minute of arrival time as the time in the following questions: 
    "Minute = 0" stands for 8 o'clock, "Minute = 60" for 9 o'clock.
  • The task arose before the 2002 Bundestag elections, when both Dr. Angela Merkel and Dr. Edmund Stoiber wanted to become the CDU/CSU's candidate for chancellor.
  • At a joint breakfast in Wolfratshausen, Mrs. Merkel renounced.  The later election was won by Gerhard Schröder (SPD).


Questions

1 What is the probability $p_1$ that the two will meet when Mr. S. arrives at 8:30? Give reasons for your answer.

$p_1 \ = \ $ $\ \%$

2 Which arrival time should Ms. M. choose if she does not actually want to meet Mr. S., but still wants to keep to the agreement made?
What is the probability $p_2$ that Ms. M. and Mr. S. will meet?

$p_2 \ = \ $ $\ \%$

3 Which arrival time should Ms. M. choose if she not only wants to avoid a meeting as much as possible, but also wants to minimize the waiting time?

$\rm minute \ = \ $

4 What is the probability  $p_4$  for a meeting in general, that is, if both actually appear on "Gut Glück"?

$p_4 \ = \ $ $\ \%$


Solution

(1)  If Mr. S. arrives at 8:30, he will meet Mrs. M. if she arrives between 8:15 and 8:45. Thus the probability

$$p_1 = \text{Pr(Mr. S. meets Ms. M.)}\hspace{0.15cm}\underline{=50\%}.$$


"Favorable area" for meeting

(2)  If Ms. M. arrives at 8 a.m., she meets Mr. S. only if he arrives before 8:15.

  • If Mrs. M. arrives at 9 a.m., Mr. S. must arrive after 8:45 a.m. so that they can meet.
  • The probability of meeting is the same in both cases:
$$p_2 = \big[\text{Min Pr(Mr. S. meets Ms. M.)}\big]\hspace{0.15cm}\underline{=25\%}.$$


(3)  Of the two arrival times calculated in (2), 9 o'clock  $(\underline{\text{Minute = 60}})$  is more favorable,
      since she – if Mr. S. is not there – can leave immediately.


(4)  The probability  $p_4$  is given as the ratio of the red area in the graph to the total area  $1$.

  • Using the triangular areas, one obtains:
$$p_4=\rm 1-2\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot\frac{3}{4}=\frac{7}{16}\hspace{0.15cm}\underline{=\rm 43.75\%}.$$