Aufgaben:Exercise 4.5Z: Simple Phase Modulator: Difference between revisions

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[[File:P_ID757__Sig_Z_4_5.png|right|frame|Modell des betrachteten Phasenmodulators]]
[[File:P_ID757__Sig_Z_4_5.png|right|frame|Modell des betrachteten Phasenmodulators]]
Die Grafik zeigt eine recht einfache Anordnung zur Approximation eines Phasenmodulators. Alle Signale seien hierbei dimensionslose Größen.
The diagram shows a quite simple arrangement for approximating a phase modulator. All signals are dimensionless quantities.


Das sinusförmige Nachrichtensignal  $q(t)$  der Frequenz  $f_{\rm N} = 10 \ \text{kHz}$  wird mit dem Signal  $m(t)$  multipliziert, das sich aus dem cosinusförmigen Trägersignal  $z(t)$  durch Phasenverschiebung um  $\phi = 90^\circ$  ergibt:
The sinusoidal message signal  $q(t)$  of frequency  $f_{\rm N} = 10 \ \text{kHz}$  is multiplied by the signal  $m(t)$ , which results from the cosinusoidal carrier signal  $z(t)$  by phase shifting by  $\phi = 90^\circ$ :
:$$m(t) =  {\cos} (  \omega_{\rm T} \cdot t + 90^\circ).$$
:$$m(t) =  {\cos} (  \omega_{\rm T} \cdot t + 90^\circ).$$


Anschließend wird das Signal  $z(t)$  mit der Frequenz  $f_{\rm T} = 1 \ \text{MHz}$  noch direkt addiert.
Then the signal  $z(t)$  with the frequency  $f_{\rm T} = 1 \ \text{MHz}$  is still added directly.


Zur Abkürzung werden in dieser Aufgabe auch verwendet:  
For abbreviation purposes, this task also uses:
*die Differenzfrequenz  $f_{\rm \Delta} = f_{\rm T} - f_{\rm N} = 0.99 \ \text{MHz}$,  
*the difference frequency  $f_{\rm \Delta} = f_{\rm T} - f_{\rm N} = 0.99 \ \text{MHz}$,  
*die Summenfrequenz  $f_{\rm \Sigma} = f_{\rm T} + f_{\rm N} = 1.01\  \text{MHz}$,  
*the sum frequency  $f_{\rm \Sigma} = f_{\rm T} + f_{\rm N} = 1.01\  \text{MHz}$,  
*die beiden Kreisfrequenzen  $\omega_{\rm \Delta} = 2\pi \cdot f_{\rm \Delta}$  und  $\omega_{\rm \Sigma} = 2\pi \cdot f_{\rm \Sigma}$.
*the two angular frequencies  $\omega_{\rm \Delta} = 2\pi \cdot f_{\rm \Delta}$  and  $\omega_{\rm \Sigma} = 2\pi \cdot f_{\rm \Sigma}$.




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''Hinweise:''  
''Hints:''  
*Die Aufgabe gehört zum  Kapitel  [[Signal_Representation/Equivalent_Low_Pass_Signal_and_Its_Spectral_Function|Äquivalentes Tiefpass-Signal und zugehörige Spektralfunktion]].
*This exercise belongs to the chapter  [[Signal_Representation/Equivalent_Low_Pass_Signal_and_Its_Spectral_Function|Equivalent Low Pass Signal and Its Spectral Function]].
   
   
*Berücksichtigen Sie die trigonomischen Umformungen
*Consider the trigonomic transformations
:$$\sin(\alpha) \cdot \cos (\beta)= {1}/{2} \cdot \sin(\alpha - \beta) + {1}/{2} \cdot \sin(\alpha + \beta),$$
:$$\sin(\alpha) \cdot \cos (\beta)= {1}/{2} \cdot \sin(\alpha - \beta) + {1}/{2} \cdot \sin(\alpha + \beta),$$
:$$\sin(\alpha) \cdot \sin (\beta)= {1}/{2} \cdot \cos(\alpha - \beta) - {1}/{2} \cdot \cos(\alpha + \beta).$$
:$$\sin(\alpha) \cdot \sin (\beta)= {1}/{2} \cdot \cos(\alpha - \beta) - {1}/{2} \cdot \cos(\alpha + \beta).$$
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===Fragebogen===
===Questions===


<quiz display=simple>
<quiz display=simple>
{Welche der folgenden Gleichungen beschreiben&nbsp; $s(t)$&nbsp; in richtiger Weise?
{Which of the following equations correctly describe&nbsp; $s(t)$&nbsp;?
|type="[]"}
|type="[]"}
+ $s(t) = \cos(\omega_{\rm T} \cdot t) - q(t) \cdot \sin(\omega_{\rm T} \cdot t)$.
+ $s(t) = \cos(\omega_{\rm T} \cdot t) - q(t) \cdot \sin(\omega_{\rm T} \cdot t)$.
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{Berechnen Sie das äquivalente Tiefpass-Signal&nbsp; $s_{\rm TP}(t)$. Welche Inphase– und Quadtraturkomponente ergeben sich zum Zeitpunkt&nbsp; $t = 0$?
{Calculate the equivalent low pass signal&nbsp; $s_{\rm TP}(t)$. What are the inphase and quadrature components at time&nbsp; $t = 0$?
|type="{}"}
|type="{}"}
$s_{\rm I}(t = 0)\ = \ $  { 1 3% }
$s_{\rm I}(t = 0)\ = \ $  { 1 3% }
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{Welche der folgenden Aussagen treffen für die Ortskurve&nbsp; $s_{\rm TP}(t)$ zu?
{Which of the following statements are true for the locus curve&nbsp; $s_{\rm TP}(t)$ zu?
|type="[]"}
|type="[]"}
- Die Ortskurve ist ein Kreisbogen.
- The locus curve is a circular arc.
- Die Ortskurve ist eine horizontale Gerade.
- The locus curve is a horizontal straight line.
+ Die Ortskurve ist eine vertikale Gerade.
+ The locus curve is a vertical straight line.




{Berechnen Sie den Betrag&nbsp; $a(t)$, insbesondere dessen Maximal– und Minimalwert.
{Calculate the magnitude&nbsp; $a(t)$, in particular its maximum and minimum values.
 
|type="{}"}
|type="{}"}
$a_{\rm max}\ = \ $ { 1.414 3% }
$a_{\rm max}\ = \ $ { 1.414 3% }
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{Wie lautet die Phasenfunktion&nbsp; $\phi(t)$. Wie groß ist deren Maximalwert?
{What is the phase function&nbsp; $\phi(t)$. What is its maximum value?
|type="{}"}
 
$\phi_{\rm max}\ = \ $ { 45 3% } &nbsp;$\text{Grad}$
$\phi_{\rm max}\ = \ $ { 45 3% } &nbsp;$\text{deg}$




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</quiz>
</quiz>


===Musterlösung===
===Solution===
{{ML-Kopf}}
{{ML-Kopf}}
'''(1)'''&nbsp;  Richtig sind <u>der erste und der letzte Vorschlag</u>:
'''(1)'''&nbsp;  <u>The first and last suggestions</u> are correct:
*Durch die Phasenverschiebung um&nbsp; $\phi = 90^\circ$&nbsp; wird aus der Cosinus– die Minus–Sinusfunktion.  
*Due to the phase shift by&nbsp; $\phi = 90^\circ$&nbsp; the cosine function becomes the minus-sine function.
*Mit&nbsp; $q(t) = \sin(\omega_{\rm N} t)$&nbsp; gilt:
*With&nbsp; $q(t) = \sin(\omega_{\rm N} t)$&nbsp; holds:
:$${s(t)}  =  \cos({ \omega_{\rm T}\hspace{0.05cm} t }) -  \sin({
:$${s(t)}  =  \cos({ \omega_{\rm T}\hspace{0.05cm} t }) -  \sin({
\omega_{\rm T}\hspace{0.05cm} t }) \cdot \sin({ \omega_{\rm
\omega_{\rm T}\hspace{0.05cm} t }) \cdot \sin({ \omega_{\rm
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'''(2)'''&nbsp;  Das Spektrum des analytischen Signals lautet:
'''(2)'''&nbsp;  The spectrum of the analytical signal is:
:$$S_{\rm +}(f) = \delta (f - f_{\rm T}) - 0.5 \cdot \delta (f -
:$$S_{\rm +}(f) = \delta (f - f_{\rm T}) - 0.5 \cdot \delta (f -
f_{\rm \Delta})+ 0.5 \cdot \delta (f - f_{\rm \Sigma}) .$$
f_{\rm \Delta})+ 0.5 \cdot \delta (f - f_{\rm \Sigma}) .$$
*Durch Verschiebung um&nbsp; $f_{\rm T}$&nbsp; kommt man zum Spektrum des äquivalenten Tiefpass-Signals:
*By shitfing&nbsp; $f_{\rm T}$&nbsp; one arrives at the spectrum of the equivalent low pass signal:
:$$S_{\rm TP}(f) = \delta (f ) - 0.5 \cdot \delta (f + f_{\rm N})+
:$$S_{\rm TP}(f) = \delta (f ) - 0.5 \cdot \delta (f + f_{\rm N})+
0.5 \cdot \delta (f - f_{\rm N}) .$$
0.5 \cdot \delta (f - f_{\rm N}) .$$
*Dies führt zu der Zeitfunktion
*This leads to the time function
:$$s_{\rm TP}(t) = {\rm 1 } - 0.5 \cdot {\rm e}^{{-\rm
:$$s_{\rm TP}(t) = {\rm 1 } - 0.5 \cdot {\rm e}^{{-\rm
j}\hspace{0.05cm} \omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t }+ 0.5 \cdot
j}\hspace{0.05cm} \omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t }+ 0.5 \cdot
{\rm e}^{{\rm j}\hspace{0.05cm} \omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t }
{\rm e}^{{\rm j}\hspace{0.05cm} \omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t }
= 1 + {\rm j} \cdot \sin(\omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t ).$$
= 1 + {\rm j} \cdot \sin(\omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t ).$$
*Zum Zeitpunkt&nbsp; $t = 0$ ist $s_{\rm TP}(t) = 1$, also reell. Somit gilt:
*At time&nbsp; $t = 0$ ist $s_{\rm TP}(t) = 1$, is real. Thus:


:* $s_{\rm I}(t = 0) = \text{Re}[s_{\rm TP}(t = 0)]\; \underline{= 1}$,
:* $s_{\rm I}(t = 0) = \text{Re}[s_{\rm TP}(t = 0)]\; \underline{= 1}$,
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[[File:P_ID762__Sig_Z_4_5_a.png|right|frame|Ortskurve eines einfachen Phasenmodulators]]
[[File:P_ID762__Sig_Z_4_5_a.png|right|frame|Locus curve of a simple phase modulator]]
'''(3)'''&nbsp;  Die Ortskurve ist eine vertikale Gerade &nbsp; &rArr; &nbsp;  <u>Vorschlag 3</u> mit folgenden Werten:
'''(3)'''&nbsp;  The locus curve is a vertical straight line &nbsp; &rArr; &nbsp;  <u>Proposition 3</u> with the following values:
:$$s_{\rm TP}(t = 0) = s_{\rm TP}(t = {\rm 50 \hspace{0.05cm} &micro; s})
:$$s_{\rm TP}(t = 0) = s_{\rm TP}(t = {\rm 50 \hspace{0.05cm} &micro; s})
= \text{ ...} = 1,$$
= \text{ ...} = 1,$$
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'''(4)'''&nbsp;  Der Betrag (die Zeigerlänge) schwankt zwischen&nbsp; $a_{\rm max} = \sqrt{2}\; \underline{\approx 1.414}$&nbsp; und&nbsp; $a_{\rm min} \;\underline{= 1}$. Es gilt:
'''(4)'''&nbsp;  The magnitude (the pointer length) varies between &nbsp; $a_{\rm max} = \sqrt{2}\; \underline{\approx 1.414}$&nbsp; and&nbsp; $a_{\rm min} \;\underline{= 1}$. It holds:
:$$a(t) = \sqrt{1 + \sin^2(\omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t )}.$$
:$$a(t) = \sqrt{1 + \sin^2(\omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t )}.$$
Bei idealer Phasenmodulation müsste dagegen die Hüllkurve&nbsp; $a(t)$&nbsp; konstant sein.
With ideal phase modulation, on the other hand, the envelope&nbsp; $a(t)$&nbsp; would have to be constant.




'''(5)'''&nbsp;  Der Realteil ist stets&nbsp; $1$, der Imaginärteil gleich&nbsp; $\sin(\omega_{\rm N} \cdot t) $. Daraus folgt die Phasenfunktion:
'''(5)'''&nbsp;  The real part is always&nbsp; $1$, the imaginary part equal to&nbsp; $\sin(\omega_{\rm N} \cdot t) $. From this follows the phase function:
:$$\phi(t)= {\rm arctan} \hspace{0.1cm}{\left(\sin(\omega_{\rm N}
:$$\phi(t)= {\rm arctan} \hspace{0.1cm}{\left(\sin(\omega_{\rm N}
\hspace{0.05cm} t )\right)}.$$
\hspace{0.05cm} t )\right)}.$$
*Der Maximalwert der Sinusfunktion ist&nbsp; $1$. Daraus folgt:
*The maximum value of the sine function is&nbsp; $1$. From this follows:
:$$\phi_{\rm max} = \arctan (1) \; \underline{= \pi /4 } \; \Rightarrow \; \underline{45^\circ}.$$  
:$$\phi_{\rm max} = \arctan (1) \; \underline{= \pi /4 } \; \Rightarrow \; \underline{45^\circ}.$$  
{{ML-Fuß}}
{{ML-Fuß}}

Revision as of 16:59, 10 February 2021

Modell des betrachteten Phasenmodulators

The diagram shows a quite simple arrangement for approximating a phase modulator. All signals are dimensionless quantities.

The sinusoidal message signal  $q(t)$  of frequency  $f_{\rm N} = 10 \ \text{kHz}$  is multiplied by the signal  $m(t)$ , which results from the cosinusoidal carrier signal  $z(t)$  by phase shifting by  $\phi = 90^\circ$ :

$$m(t) = {\cos} ( \omega_{\rm T} \cdot t + 90^\circ).$$

Then the signal  $z(t)$  with the frequency  $f_{\rm T} = 1 \ \text{MHz}$  is still added directly.

For abbreviation purposes, this task also uses:

  • the difference frequency  $f_{\rm \Delta} = f_{\rm T} - f_{\rm N} = 0.99 \ \text{MHz}$,
  • the sum frequency  $f_{\rm \Sigma} = f_{\rm T} + f_{\rm N} = 1.01\ \text{MHz}$,
  • the two angular frequencies  $\omega_{\rm \Delta} = 2\pi \cdot f_{\rm \Delta}$  and  $\omega_{\rm \Sigma} = 2\pi \cdot f_{\rm \Sigma}$.




Hints:

  • Consider the trigonomic transformations
$$\sin(\alpha) \cdot \cos (\beta)= {1}/{2} \cdot \sin(\alpha - \beta) + {1}/{2} \cdot \sin(\alpha + \beta),$$
$$\sin(\alpha) \cdot \sin (\beta)= {1}/{2} \cdot \cos(\alpha - \beta) - {1}/{2} \cdot \cos(\alpha + \beta).$$


Questions

1 Which of the following equations correctly describe  $s(t)$ ?

$s(t) = \cos(\omega_{\rm T} \cdot t) - q(t) \cdot \sin(\omega_{\rm T} \cdot t)$.
$s(t) = \cos(\omega_{\rm T} \cdot t) + q(t) \cdot \cos(\omega_{\rm T} \cdot t)$.
$s(t) = \cos(\omega_{\rm T} \cdot t) + 0.5 \sin(\omega_{\rm \Delta} \cdot t) + 0.5 \sin(\omega_{\rm \Sigma} \cdot t)$.
$s(t) = \cos(\omega_{\rm T} \cdot t) - 0.5 \cos(\omega_{\rm \Delta} \cdot t) + 0.5 \cos(\omega_{\rm \Sigma} \cdot t)$.

2 Calculate the equivalent low pass signal  $s_{\rm TP}(t)$. What are the inphase and quadrature components at time  $t = 0$?

$s_{\rm I}(t = 0)\ = \ $
$s_{\rm Q}(t = 0)\ = \ $

3 Which of the following statements are true for the locus curve  $s_{\rm TP}(t)$ zu?

The locus curve is a circular arc.
The locus curve is a horizontal straight line.
The locus curve is a vertical straight line.

4 Calculate the magnitude  $a(t)$, in particular its maximum and minimum values.

$a_{\rm max}\ = \ $
$a_{\rm min}\ = \ $


Solution

(1)  The first and last suggestions are correct:

  • Due to the phase shift by  $\phi = 90^\circ$  the cosine function becomes the minus-sine function.
  • With  $q(t) = \sin(\omega_{\rm N} t)$  holds:
$${s(t)} = \cos({ \omega_{\rm T}\hspace{0.05cm} t }) - \sin({

\omega_{\rm T}\hspace{0.05cm} t }) \cdot \sin({ \omega_{\rm N}\hspace{0.05cm} t }) = \cos({ \omega_{\rm T}\hspace{0.05cm} t }) - 0.5 \cdot \cos(({ \omega_{\rm T}-\omega_{\rm N})\hspace{0.05cm} t }) + 0.5 \cdot \cos(({ \omega_{\rm T}+\omega_{\rm N})\hspace{0.05cm} t }).$$


(2)  The spectrum of the analytical signal is:

$$S_{\rm +}(f) = \delta (f - f_{\rm T}) - 0.5 \cdot \delta (f -

f_{\rm \Delta})+ 0.5 \cdot \delta (f - f_{\rm \Sigma}) .$$

  • By shitfing  $f_{\rm T}$  one arrives at the spectrum of the equivalent low pass signal:
$$S_{\rm TP}(f) = \delta (f ) - 0.5 \cdot \delta (f + f_{\rm N})+

0.5 \cdot \delta (f - f_{\rm N}) .$$

  • This leads to the time function
$$s_{\rm TP}(t) = {\rm 1 } - 0.5 \cdot {\rm e}^{{-\rm

j}\hspace{0.05cm} \omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t }+ 0.5 \cdot {\rm e}^{{\rm j}\hspace{0.05cm} \omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t } = 1 + {\rm j} \cdot \sin(\omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t ).$$

  • At time  $t = 0$ ist $s_{\rm TP}(t) = 1$, is real. Thus:
  • $s_{\rm I}(t = 0) = \text{Re}[s_{\rm TP}(t = 0)]\; \underline{= 1}$,
  • $s_{\rm Q}(t = 0) = \text{Ime}[s_{\rm TP}(t = 0)]\; \underline{= 0}$.


Locus curve of a simple phase modulator

(3)  The locus curve is a vertical straight line   ⇒   Proposition 3 with the following values:

$$s_{\rm TP}(t = 0) = s_{\rm TP}(t = {\rm 50 \hspace{0.05cm} µ s})

= \text{ ...} = 1,$$

$$s_{\rm TP}(t = {\rm 25 \hspace{0.05cm} µ s}) = s_{\rm TP}(t =

{\rm 125 \hspace{0.05cm} \mu s}) = \text{ ...} = 1 + {\rm j},$$

$$s_{\rm TP}(t = {\rm 75 \hspace{0.05cm} µ s}) = s_{\rm TP}(t =

{\rm 175 \hspace{0.05cm} \mu s}) = \text{ ...} = 1 - {\rm j}.$$


(4)  The magnitude (the pointer length) varies between   $a_{\rm max} = \sqrt{2}\; \underline{\approx 1.414}$  and  $a_{\rm min} \;\underline{= 1}$. It holds:

$$a(t) = \sqrt{1 + \sin^2(\omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t )}.$$

With ideal phase modulation, on the other hand, the envelope  $a(t)$  would have to be constant.


(5)  The real part is always  $1$, the imaginary part equal to  $\sin(\omega_{\rm N} \cdot t) $. From this follows the phase function:

$$\phi(t)= {\rm arctan} \hspace{0.1cm}{\left(\sin(\omega_{\rm N}

\hspace{0.05cm} t )\right)}.$$

  • The maximum value of the sine function is  $1$. From this follows:
$$\phi_{\rm max} = \arctan (1) \; \underline{= \pi /4 } \; \Rightarrow \; \underline{45^\circ}.$$