Aufgaben:Exercise 4.5Z: Simple Phase Modulator: Difference between revisions
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[[File:P_ID757__Sig_Z_4_5.png|right|frame|Modell des betrachteten Phasenmodulators]] | [[File:P_ID757__Sig_Z_4_5.png|right|frame|Modell des betrachteten Phasenmodulators]] | ||
The diagram shows a quite simple arrangement for approximating a phase modulator. All signals are dimensionless quantities. | |||
The sinusoidal message signal $q(t)$ of frequency $f_{\rm N} = 10 \ \text{kHz}$ is multiplied by the signal $m(t)$ , which results from the cosinusoidal carrier signal $z(t)$ by phase shifting by $\phi = 90^\circ$ : | |||
:$$m(t) = {\cos} ( \omega_{\rm T} \cdot t + 90^\circ).$$ | :$$m(t) = {\cos} ( \omega_{\rm T} \cdot t + 90^\circ).$$ | ||
Then the signal $z(t)$ with the frequency $f_{\rm T} = 1 \ \text{MHz}$ is still added directly. | |||
For abbreviation purposes, this task also uses: | |||
* | *the difference frequency $f_{\rm \Delta} = f_{\rm T} - f_{\rm N} = 0.99 \ \text{MHz}$, | ||
* | *the sum frequency $f_{\rm \Sigma} = f_{\rm T} + f_{\rm N} = 1.01\ \text{MHz}$, | ||
* | *the two angular frequencies $\omega_{\rm \Delta} = 2\pi \cdot f_{\rm \Delta}$ and $\omega_{\rm \Sigma} = 2\pi \cdot f_{\rm \Sigma}$. | ||
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'' | ''Hints:'' | ||
* | *This exercise belongs to the chapter [[Signal_Representation/Equivalent_Low_Pass_Signal_and_Its_Spectral_Function|Equivalent Low Pass Signal and Its Spectral Function]]. | ||
* | *Consider the trigonomic transformations | ||
:$$\sin(\alpha) \cdot \cos (\beta)= {1}/{2} \cdot \sin(\alpha - \beta) + {1}/{2} \cdot \sin(\alpha + \beta),$$ | :$$\sin(\alpha) \cdot \cos (\beta)= {1}/{2} \cdot \sin(\alpha - \beta) + {1}/{2} \cdot \sin(\alpha + \beta),$$ | ||
:$$\sin(\alpha) \cdot \sin (\beta)= {1}/{2} \cdot \cos(\alpha - \beta) - {1}/{2} \cdot \cos(\alpha + \beta).$$ | :$$\sin(\alpha) \cdot \sin (\beta)= {1}/{2} \cdot \cos(\alpha - \beta) - {1}/{2} \cdot \cos(\alpha + \beta).$$ | ||
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=== | ===Questions=== | ||
<quiz display=simple> | <quiz display=simple> | ||
{ | {Which of the following equations correctly describe $s(t)$ ? | ||
|type="[]"} | |type="[]"} | ||
+ $s(t) = \cos(\omega_{\rm T} \cdot t) - q(t) \cdot \sin(\omega_{\rm T} \cdot t)$. | + $s(t) = \cos(\omega_{\rm T} \cdot t) - q(t) \cdot \sin(\omega_{\rm T} \cdot t)$. | ||
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{ | {Calculate the equivalent low pass signal $s_{\rm TP}(t)$. What are the inphase and quadrature components at time $t = 0$? | ||
|type="{}"} | |type="{}"} | ||
$s_{\rm I}(t = 0)\ = \ $ { 1 3% } | $s_{\rm I}(t = 0)\ = \ $ { 1 3% } | ||
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{ | {Which of the following statements are true for the locus curve $s_{\rm TP}(t)$ zu? | ||
|type="[]"} | |type="[]"} | ||
- | - The locus curve is a circular arc. | ||
- | - The locus curve is a horizontal straight line. | ||
+ | + The locus curve is a vertical straight line. | ||
{ | {Calculate the magnitude $a(t)$, in particular its maximum and minimum values. | ||
|type="{}"} | |type="{}"} | ||
$a_{\rm max}\ = \ $ { 1.414 3% } | $a_{\rm max}\ = \ $ { 1.414 3% } | ||
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{ | {What is the phase function $\phi(t)$. What is its maximum value? | ||
$\phi_{\rm max}\ = \ $ { 45 3% } $\text{ | $\phi_{\rm max}\ = \ $ { 45 3% } $\text{deg}$ | ||
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</quiz> | </quiz> | ||
=== | ===Solution=== | ||
{{ML-Kopf}} | {{ML-Kopf}} | ||
'''(1)''' | '''(1)''' <u>The first and last suggestions</u> are correct: | ||
* | *Due to the phase shift by $\phi = 90^\circ$ the cosine function becomes the minus-sine function. | ||
* | *With $q(t) = \sin(\omega_{\rm N} t)$ holds: | ||
:$${s(t)} = \cos({ \omega_{\rm T}\hspace{0.05cm} t }) - \sin({ | :$${s(t)} = \cos({ \omega_{\rm T}\hspace{0.05cm} t }) - \sin({ | ||
\omega_{\rm T}\hspace{0.05cm} t }) \cdot \sin({ \omega_{\rm | \omega_{\rm T}\hspace{0.05cm} t }) \cdot \sin({ \omega_{\rm | ||
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'''(2)''' | '''(2)''' The spectrum of the analytical signal is: | ||
:$$S_{\rm +}(f) = \delta (f - f_{\rm T}) - 0.5 \cdot \delta (f - | :$$S_{\rm +}(f) = \delta (f - f_{\rm T}) - 0.5 \cdot \delta (f - | ||
f_{\rm \Delta})+ 0.5 \cdot \delta (f - f_{\rm \Sigma}) .$$ | f_{\rm \Delta})+ 0.5 \cdot \delta (f - f_{\rm \Sigma}) .$$ | ||
* | *By shitfing $f_{\rm T}$ one arrives at the spectrum of the equivalent low pass signal: | ||
:$$S_{\rm TP}(f) = \delta (f ) - 0.5 \cdot \delta (f + f_{\rm N})+ | :$$S_{\rm TP}(f) = \delta (f ) - 0.5 \cdot \delta (f + f_{\rm N})+ | ||
0.5 \cdot \delta (f - f_{\rm N}) .$$ | 0.5 \cdot \delta (f - f_{\rm N}) .$$ | ||
* | *This leads to the time function | ||
:$$s_{\rm TP}(t) = {\rm 1 } - 0.5 \cdot {\rm e}^{{-\rm | :$$s_{\rm TP}(t) = {\rm 1 } - 0.5 \cdot {\rm e}^{{-\rm | ||
j}\hspace{0.05cm} \omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t }+ 0.5 \cdot | j}\hspace{0.05cm} \omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t }+ 0.5 \cdot | ||
{\rm e}^{{\rm j}\hspace{0.05cm} \omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t } | {\rm e}^{{\rm j}\hspace{0.05cm} \omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t } | ||
= 1 + {\rm j} \cdot \sin(\omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t ).$$ | = 1 + {\rm j} \cdot \sin(\omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t ).$$ | ||
* | *At time $t = 0$ ist $s_{\rm TP}(t) = 1$, is real. Thus: | ||
:* $s_{\rm I}(t = 0) = \text{Re}[s_{\rm TP}(t = 0)]\; \underline{= 1}$, | :* $s_{\rm I}(t = 0) = \text{Re}[s_{\rm TP}(t = 0)]\; \underline{= 1}$, | ||
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[[File:P_ID762__Sig_Z_4_5_a.png|right|frame| | [[File:P_ID762__Sig_Z_4_5_a.png|right|frame|Locus curve of a simple phase modulator]] | ||
'''(3)''' | '''(3)''' The locus curve is a vertical straight line ⇒ <u>Proposition 3</u> with the following values: | ||
:$$s_{\rm TP}(t = 0) = s_{\rm TP}(t = {\rm 50 \hspace{0.05cm} µ s}) | :$$s_{\rm TP}(t = 0) = s_{\rm TP}(t = {\rm 50 \hspace{0.05cm} µ s}) | ||
= \text{ ...} = 1,$$ | = \text{ ...} = 1,$$ | ||
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'''(4)''' | '''(4)''' The magnitude (the pointer length) varies between $a_{\rm max} = \sqrt{2}\; \underline{\approx 1.414}$ and $a_{\rm min} \;\underline{= 1}$. It holds: | ||
:$$a(t) = \sqrt{1 + \sin^2(\omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t )}.$$ | :$$a(t) = \sqrt{1 + \sin^2(\omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t )}.$$ | ||
With ideal phase modulation, on the other hand, the envelope $a(t)$ would have to be constant. | |||
'''(5)''' | '''(5)''' The real part is always $1$, the imaginary part equal to $\sin(\omega_{\rm N} \cdot t) $. From this follows the phase function: | ||
:$$\phi(t)= {\rm arctan} \hspace{0.1cm}{\left(\sin(\omega_{\rm N} | :$$\phi(t)= {\rm arctan} \hspace{0.1cm}{\left(\sin(\omega_{\rm N} | ||
\hspace{0.05cm} t )\right)}.$$ | \hspace{0.05cm} t )\right)}.$$ | ||
* | *The maximum value of the sine function is $1$. From this follows: | ||
:$$\phi_{\rm max} = \arctan (1) \; \underline{= \pi /4 } \; \Rightarrow \; \underline{45^\circ}.$$ | :$$\phi_{\rm max} = \arctan (1) \; \underline{= \pi /4 } \; \Rightarrow \; \underline{45^\circ}.$$ | ||
{{ML-Fuß}} | {{ML-Fuß}} | ||
Revision as of 16:59, 10 February 2021

The diagram shows a quite simple arrangement for approximating a phase modulator. All signals are dimensionless quantities.
The sinusoidal message signal $q(t)$ of frequency $f_{\rm N} = 10 \ \text{kHz}$ is multiplied by the signal $m(t)$ , which results from the cosinusoidal carrier signal $z(t)$ by phase shifting by $\phi = 90^\circ$ :
- $$m(t) = {\cos} ( \omega_{\rm T} \cdot t + 90^\circ).$$
Then the signal $z(t)$ with the frequency $f_{\rm T} = 1 \ \text{MHz}$ is still added directly.
For abbreviation purposes, this task also uses:
- the difference frequency $f_{\rm \Delta} = f_{\rm T} - f_{\rm N} = 0.99 \ \text{MHz}$,
- the sum frequency $f_{\rm \Sigma} = f_{\rm T} + f_{\rm N} = 1.01\ \text{MHz}$,
- the two angular frequencies $\omega_{\rm \Delta} = 2\pi \cdot f_{\rm \Delta}$ and $\omega_{\rm \Sigma} = 2\pi \cdot f_{\rm \Sigma}$.
Hints:
- This exercise belongs to the chapter Equivalent Low Pass Signal and Its Spectral Function.
- Consider the trigonomic transformations
- $$\sin(\alpha) \cdot \cos (\beta)= {1}/{2} \cdot \sin(\alpha - \beta) + {1}/{2} \cdot \sin(\alpha + \beta),$$
- $$\sin(\alpha) \cdot \sin (\beta)= {1}/{2} \cdot \cos(\alpha - \beta) - {1}/{2} \cdot \cos(\alpha + \beta).$$
Questions
Solution
- Due to the phase shift by $\phi = 90^\circ$ the cosine function becomes the minus-sine function.
- With $q(t) = \sin(\omega_{\rm N} t)$ holds:
- $${s(t)} = \cos({ \omega_{\rm T}\hspace{0.05cm} t }) - \sin({
\omega_{\rm T}\hspace{0.05cm} t }) \cdot \sin({ \omega_{\rm N}\hspace{0.05cm} t }) = \cos({ \omega_{\rm T}\hspace{0.05cm} t }) - 0.5 \cdot \cos(({ \omega_{\rm T}-\omega_{\rm N})\hspace{0.05cm} t }) + 0.5 \cdot \cos(({ \omega_{\rm T}+\omega_{\rm N})\hspace{0.05cm} t }).$$
(2) The spectrum of the analytical signal is:
- $$S_{\rm +}(f) = \delta (f - f_{\rm T}) - 0.5 \cdot \delta (f -
f_{\rm \Delta})+ 0.5 \cdot \delta (f - f_{\rm \Sigma}) .$$
- By shitfing $f_{\rm T}$ one arrives at the spectrum of the equivalent low pass signal:
- $$S_{\rm TP}(f) = \delta (f ) - 0.5 \cdot \delta (f + f_{\rm N})+
0.5 \cdot \delta (f - f_{\rm N}) .$$
- This leads to the time function
- $$s_{\rm TP}(t) = {\rm 1 } - 0.5 \cdot {\rm e}^{{-\rm
j}\hspace{0.05cm} \omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t }+ 0.5 \cdot {\rm e}^{{\rm j}\hspace{0.05cm} \omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t } = 1 + {\rm j} \cdot \sin(\omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t ).$$
- At time $t = 0$ ist $s_{\rm TP}(t) = 1$, is real. Thus:
- $s_{\rm I}(t = 0) = \text{Re}[s_{\rm TP}(t = 0)]\; \underline{= 1}$,
- $s_{\rm Q}(t = 0) = \text{Ime}[s_{\rm TP}(t = 0)]\; \underline{= 0}$.

(3) The locus curve is a vertical straight line ⇒ Proposition 3 with the following values:
- $$s_{\rm TP}(t = 0) = s_{\rm TP}(t = {\rm 50 \hspace{0.05cm} µ s})
= \text{ ...} = 1,$$
- $$s_{\rm TP}(t = {\rm 25 \hspace{0.05cm} µ s}) = s_{\rm TP}(t =
{\rm 125 \hspace{0.05cm} \mu s}) = \text{ ...} = 1 + {\rm j},$$
- $$s_{\rm TP}(t = {\rm 75 \hspace{0.05cm} µ s}) = s_{\rm TP}(t =
{\rm 175 \hspace{0.05cm} \mu s}) = \text{ ...} = 1 - {\rm j}.$$
(4) The magnitude (the pointer length) varies between $a_{\rm max} = \sqrt{2}\; \underline{\approx 1.414}$ and $a_{\rm min} \;\underline{= 1}$. It holds:
- $$a(t) = \sqrt{1 + \sin^2(\omega_{\rm N} \hspace{0.05cm} t )}.$$
With ideal phase modulation, on the other hand, the envelope $a(t)$ would have to be constant.
(5) The real part is always $1$, the imaginary part equal to $\sin(\omega_{\rm N} \cdot t) $. From this follows the phase function:
- $$\phi(t)= {\rm arctan} \hspace{0.1cm}{\left(\sin(\omega_{\rm N}
\hspace{0.05cm} t )\right)}.$$
- The maximum value of the sine function is $1$. From this follows:
- $$\phi_{\rm max} = \arctan (1) \; \underline{= \pi /4 } \; \Rightarrow \; \underline{45^\circ}.$$