Aufgaben:Exercise 2.15Z: Block Error Probability once more

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Binominal probabilities

Using a Reed–Solomon–code with the correctability  $t$  and  "Bounded Distance Decoding"  (BDD) is obtained with

• the code word length  $n$  and
• the symbol corruption probability  $\varepsilon_{\rm S}$

for the block error probability:

$${\rm Pr(Block\:error)} =

\sum_{f = t + 1}^{n} {n \choose f} \cdot {\varepsilon_{\rm S}}^f \cdot (1 - \varepsilon_{\rm S})^{n-f} \hspace{0.05cm}.$$

In this exercise, the block error probability for the  $\rm RSC \, (7, \, 3, \, 5)_8$  and various  $\varepsilon_{\rm S}$ values shall be calculated and approximated.

The above equation is reminiscent of the  "Biomial Distribution". The graph shows the probabilities of the binomial distribution for parameters  $n = 7$  (codeword length) and  $\varepsilon_{\rm S} = 0.25$  (symbol corruption probability).

Hints:

• This exercise belongs to the chapter  "Error Probability and Application Areas".
• For checking, you can use the interactive applet  "Binomial and Poisson Distribution" .

Questions

1 What is the block error probability for  $\varepsilon_{\rm S} = 10^{-1}$?

$\rm Pr(Block\:error) \ = \ $ $\ \cdot 10^{-2}$

2 What is the block error probability for  $\varepsilon_{\rm S} =10^{-2}$?

$\rm Pr(Block\:error) \ = \ $ $\ \cdot 10^{-5}$

3 What result is obtained for  $\varepsilon_{\rm S} =10^{-2}$, considering only the term  $f = t + 1$ ?

$\rm Näherung \text{:} \hspace{0.2cm} Pr(Block\:error) \ \approx \ $ $\ \cdot 10^{-5}$

4 What result is obtained approximately for  $\varepsilon_{\rm S} = 10^{-3}$?

$\rm Pr(Block\:error) \ \approx \ $ $\ \cdot 10^{-8}$

5 What  $\varepsilon_{\rm S}$  is needed for the block error probability  $10^{-10}$?

$\varepsilon_{\rm S} \ = \ $ $\ \cdot 10^{-4}$

Solution

Solution

(1)  For the $\rm RSC \, (7, \, 3, \, 5)_8$, because $d_{\rm min} = 5 \ \Rightarrow \ t = 2$ gives the block error probability:

$${\rm Pr(Block\:error)} \hspace{-0.15cm} \ = \ \hspace{-0.15cm}

\sum_{f = 3}^{7} {7 \choose f} \cdot {\varepsilon_{\rm S}}^f \cdot (1 - \varepsilon_{\rm S})^{7-f} $$

$$\Rightarrow \hspace{0.3cm}{\rm Pr(Block\:error)} ={7 \choose 3} \cdot 0.1^3 \cdot 0.9^4 + {7 \choose 4} \cdot 0.1^4 \cdot 0.9^3

+ {7 \choose 5} \cdot 0.1^5 \cdot 0.9^2+

{7 \choose 6} \cdot 0.1^6 \cdot 0.9+ {7 \choose 7} \cdot 0.1^7

\hspace{0.05cm}.$$

• According to this calculation, five terms would have to be considered. However, since

$${\rm Pr(Block\:error)} =

\sum_{f = 0}^{n} {n \choose f} \cdot {\varepsilon_{\rm S}}^f \cdot (1 - \varepsilon_{\rm S})^{n-f} = 1$$

is also valid, the following calculation is faster:

$${\rm Pr(Block\:error)} =1 - \big [ {7 \choose 0} \cdot 0.9^7 + {7 \choose 1} \cdot 0.1 \cdot 0.9^6

+ {7 \choose 2} \cdot 0.1^2 \cdot 0.9^5 \big ] =1 - \big [ 0.4783 + 0.3720 + 0.1240 \big ] \hspace{0.15cm} \underline{= 2.57 \cdot 10^{-2}} \hspace{0.05cm}.$$

(2)  Analogous to the subtask (1) one obtains here:

$${\rm Pr(Block\:error)} \hspace{-0.15cm} \ = \ \hspace{-0.15cm} 1 - \big [ 0.99^7 + 7 \cdot 0.01 \cdot 0.99^6

+ 21 \cdot 0.01^2 \cdot 0.99^5 \big ] =1 - \big [ 0.9321 + 0.0659 + 0.0020 \big ] \approx 0 \hspace{0.05cm}.$$

• This means:   For the probability $\varepsilon_{\rm S} = 0.01$ the simplified calculation is very error-prone, because a value close to $1$ results for the bracket expression.
• The full calculation yields here:

$${\rm Pr(Block\:error)} \hspace{-0.15cm} \ = \ \hspace{-0.15cm}

{7 \choose 3} \cdot 0.01^3 \cdot 0.99^4 + {7 \choose 4} \cdot 0.01^4 \cdot 0.99^3 + {7 \choose 5} \cdot 0.01^5 \cdot 0.99^2+ {7 \choose 6} \cdot 0.01^6 \cdot 0.99+ {7 \choose 7} \cdot 0.01^7 $$

$$\Rightarrow \hspace{0.3cm}{\rm Pr(Blockfehler)}= 10^{-6} \cdot

\big [ 33.6209 + 0.3396 + 0.0021 + ... \big ] \hspace{0.15cm} \underline{ \approx 3.396 \cdot 10^{-5}} \hspace{0.05cm}.$$

(3)  From the sample solution to the subtask (2) the result can be read directly:

$${\rm Pr(Block\:error)} \hspace{0.15cm} \underline{ \approx 3.362 \cdot 10^{-5}}

\hspace{0.05cm}.$$

• The relative error is about $-1\%$.
• The minus sign indicates that this is only an approximation and not a bound:
• The approximate value is slightly smaller than the actual value.

(4)  Restricting to the relevant term $(f = 3)$, we get $\varepsilon_{\rm S} = 0.001$:

$${\rm Pr(Block\:error)} \approx

{7 \choose 3} \cdot [10^{-3}]^3 \cdot 0.999^4 \hspace{0.15cm} \underline{ \approx 3.49 \cdot 10^{-8}} \hspace{0.05cm}.$$

• The relative error here is also only about $-0.1\%$.

(5)  According to the derived approximation, the following holds for the considered code:

$${\rm Pr(Block\:error)} \approx {7 \choose 3} \cdot {\varepsilon_{\rm S}}^3 = 35 \cdot {\varepsilon_{\rm S}}^3\hspace{0.3cm}

\Rightarrow \hspace{0.3cm} {\rm Pr(Blockfehler)} = 10^{-10}: \hspace{0.4cm} {\varepsilon_{\rm S}} = \big ( \frac{10^{-10}}{35} \big )^{1/3} = 2.857^{1/3} \cdot 10^{-4} \hspace{0.15cm} \underline{ \approx 1.42 \cdot 10^{-4}}\hspace{0.05cm}.$$