Difference between revisions of "Aufgaben:Exercise 1.1: Multiplexing in the GSM System"
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− | *This exercise belongs to the Chapter | + | *This exercise belongs to the Chapter [[Modulation_Methods/Zielsetzung_von_Modulation_und_Demodulation|Objectives of Modulation and Demodulation]]. |
*Particular reference is made to the pages | *Particular reference is made to the pages | ||
**[[Modulation_Methods/Zielsetzung_von_Modulation_und_Demodulation#B.C3.BCndelung_von_Kan.C3.A4len_.E2.80.93_Frequenzmultiplex|Channel bundling – frequency division multiplexing]] sowie | **[[Modulation_Methods/Zielsetzung_von_Modulation_und_Demodulation#B.C3.BCndelung_von_Kan.C3.A4len_.E2.80.93_Frequenzmultiplex|Channel bundling – frequency division multiplexing]] sowie | ||
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KF = { 124 } | KF = { 124 } | ||
− | { | + | {What is the central frequency fM of the ''Radio Frequency Channel'' in the uplink with sequence number kF=100? |
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fM = { 910 1% } MHz | fM = { 910 1% } MHz |
Revision as of 23:18, 24 October 2021
The Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) mobile communications standard, which has been established in Europe since 1992, uses both frequency division and time division multiplexing to enable several users to communicate in one cell.
Some characteristics of the system are given below in somewhat simplified form. A more detailed description can be found in the chapter General Description of GSM in the book Buch „Examples of Communication Systems”.
- The frequency band of the uplink (the connection from the mobile to the base station) is between 890 MHz and 915 MHz. Taking into account the guard bands (each around 100 kHz) at both ends, a total bandwidth of 24.8 MHz is thus available for the uplink.
- This band is used by KF subchannels (Radio Frequency Channels ), which are adjacent in frequency with a respective spacing of 200 kHz The numbering is done with the running variable kF, starting with kF=1.
- The frequency range for the downlink (the connection from the base station to the mobile station) is 45 MHz above the uplink and is structured in exactly the same way as the uplink.
- Each of these FDMA subchannels is used simultaneously by KT users via TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access).
- A time slot of duration T ≈ 577 \rm µ s is available to each user at intervals of \text{4.62 ms} .
- During this time, the (approximate) 156 bits describing the voice signal must be transmitted, taking data reduction and channel coding into account.
Hints:
- This exercise belongs to the Chapter Objectives of Modulation and Demodulation.
- Particular reference is made to the pages
Questions
Musterlösung
- K_{\rm F}\hspace{0.15cm}\underline{ = 124}.
(2) Die Mittenfrequenz des ersten Kanals liegt bei \text{890.2 MHz}. Der Kanal „RFCH 100” liegt um \text{ 99 · 200 kHz = 19.8 MHz} höher:
- f_{\rm M}= 890.2 \ \rm MHz + 19.8 \ \rm MHz\hspace{0.15cm}\underline{ = 910 \ \rm MHz}.
(3) Um die Überlegungen zur Teilaufgabe (2) nutzen zu können, transformieren wir die Aufgabenstellung in den Uplink:
- Der gleiche Kanal mit der Kennung k_{\rm F}, der im Downlink die Frequenz \text{940 MHz} nutzt, liegt im Uplink bei \text{895 MHz}.
- Damit gilt:
- k_{\rm F} = 1 + \frac {895 \,\,{\rm MHz } - 890.2 \,\,{\rm MHz } }{0.2 \,\,{\rm MHz }} \hspace{0.15cm}\underline {= 25}.
(4) In einem TDMA–Rahmen der Dauer \text{4.62} Millisekunden können K_{\rm T}\hspace{0.15cm}\underline{ = 8} Zeitschlitze mit jeweiliger Dauer T = 577 \ \rm µ s untergebracht werden.
- Anmerkung: Bei GSM wird tatsächlich K_{\rm T} = 8 verwendet.
(5) Mit den Ergebnissen der Teilaufgaben (1) und (4) erhält man:
- K = K_{\rm F} \cdot K_{\rm T} = 124 \cdot 8 \hspace{0.15cm}\underline {= 992}
(6) Während der Zeit T = 577 \ \rm µs müssen 156 Bit übertragen werden.
- Damit stehen für jedes Bit die Zeit T_{\rm B} = 3.699 \ \rm µ s zur Verfügung.
- Daraus ergibt sich die (Brutto–)Bitrate
- R_{\rm Brutto} = \frac {1 }{T_{\rm B}}\hspace{0.15cm}\underline {\approx 270 \,\,{\rm kbit/s }}.
- Diese Brutto–Bitrate beinhaltet neben den das Sprachsignal beschreibenden Datensymbolen auch die Trainigssequenz zur Kanalschätzung und die Redundanz für die Kanalcodierung. Die Netto–Bitrate beträgt beim GSM–System für jeden der acht Benutzer nur etwa \text{13 kbit/s}.