Difference between revisions of "Aufgaben:Exercise 5.5Z: ACF after 1st Order Filter"
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m (Guenter moved page Exercise 5.5Z: ACF after 1st OrderFilter to Exercise 5.5Z: ACF after 1st Order Filter) |
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The individual elements of the input sequence $\left\langle \hspace{0.05cm}{x_\nu } \hspace{0.05cm}\right\rangle$ | The individual elements of the input sequence $\left\langle \hspace{0.05cm}{x_\nu } \hspace{0.05cm}\right\rangle$ | ||
* are Gaussian as well as mean-free, and | * are Gaussian as well as mean-free, and | ||
− | * have in each case the | + | * have in each case the root mean square (rms value) $\sigma_x = 1$. |
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− | + | Notes: | |
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*The exercise belongs to the chapter [[Theory_of_Stochastic_Signals/Creation_of_Predefined_ACF_Properties|Creation of Predefined ACF Properties]]. | *The exercise belongs to the chapter [[Theory_of_Stochastic_Signals/Creation_of_Predefined_ACF_Properties|Creation of Predefined ACF Properties]]. | ||
− | *Reference is also made to the chapters [[Theory_of_Stochastic_Signals/Auto-Correlation_Function_(ACF)|Auto-Correlation Function]] and [[Theory_of_Stochastic_Signals/Leistungsdichtespektrum_(LDS)|Power Density | + | *Reference is also made to the chapters [[Theory_of_Stochastic_Signals/Auto-Correlation_Function_(ACF)|Auto-Correlation Function]] and [[Theory_of_Stochastic_Signals/Leistungsdichtespektrum_(LDS)|Power-Spectral Density]]. |
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{Which statements are true regarding the output ACF when $K = 0$? Justify your results. | {Which statements are true regarding the output ACF when $K = 0$? Justify your results. | ||
|type="[]"} | |type="[]"} | ||
− | - The ACF value $\varphi_y(0)$ indicates the | + | - The ACF value $\varphi_y(0)$ indicates the rms value $\sigma_y$. |
+ All ACF values $\varphi_y(k \cdot T_{\rm A})$ with $k \ge 2$ are zero. | + All ACF values $\varphi_y(k \cdot T_{\rm A})$ with $k \ge 2$ are zero. | ||
− | + The power density | + | + The power-spectral density-Spectral $\rm (PSD)$ ${\it \Phi}_y(f)$ is cosinusoidal. |
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− | {What values do you need to set for $a_0$ and $a_1$ if you want the | + | {What values do you need to set for $a_0$ and $a_1$ if you want the rms value to be $\sigma_y = 1$ for the same ACF shape? Let $a_0 > a_1$. |
|type="{}"} | |type="{}"} | ||
$a_0 \ = \ $ { 0.8 3% } | $a_0 \ = \ $ { 0.8 3% } | ||
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− | {Using this $K$& | + | {Using this $K$ value, calculate the ACF values for $k = 1$ and $k = 2$. |
|type="{}"} | |type="{}"} | ||
$\varphi_y(T_{\rm A}) \ = \ $ { 0.37 3% } | $\varphi_y(T_{\rm A}) \ = \ $ { 0.37 3% } | ||
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− | { | + | {What is the value of the rms value $\sigma_y$ now? |
|type="{}"} | |type="{}"} | ||
$\sigma_y \ = \ $ { 0.5 3% } | $\sigma_y \ = \ $ { 0.5 3% } |
Revision as of 16:22, 11 February 2022
We consider here a first order non-recursive filter $(M = 1)$.
- Let the filter coefficients be $a_0 = 0.4$ and $a_1 = 0.3$.
- A constant $K$ is added at the filter output, which is to be set to zero up to and including subtask (3).
The individual elements of the input sequence $\left\langle \hspace{0.05cm}{x_\nu } \hspace{0.05cm}\right\rangle$
- are Gaussian as well as mean-free, and
- have in each case the root mean square (rms value) $\sigma_x = 1$.
Notes:
- The exercise belongs to the chapter Creation of Predefined ACF Properties.
- Reference is also made to the chapters Auto-Correlation Function and Power-Spectral Density.
Questions
Solution
(1) Solutions 2 and 3 are correct:
- The ACF value $\varphi_y(0)$ gives the variance (power) $\sigma_y^2$ and not the dispersion (rms value) $\sigma_y$.
- Since a first-order nonrecursive filter is present, all ACF values are $\varphi_y(k \cdot T_{\rm A})= 0$ für $k \ge 2$.
- The ACF value $\varphi_y(- T_{\rm A})$ is equal to $\varphi_y(+ T_{\rm A})$.
- These two ACF values result in a cosine function in the power density spectrum, to which the DC component $\varphi_y(0)$ is added.
(2) The general equation with $M = 1$ for $k \in \{0, \ 1\}$ is:
- $$\varphi _y ( {k \cdot T_{\rm A} } ) = \sigma _x ^2 \cdot \sum\limits_{\mu = 0}^{M - k} {a_\mu \cdot a_{\mu + k} } .$$
- From this we obtain with $\sigma_x = 1$:
- $$\varphi _y( 0 ) = a_0 ^2 + a_1 ^2 = 0.4^2 + 0.3^2 \hspace{0.15cm}\underline { = 0.25},$$
- $$\varphi _y ( { T_{\rm A} } ) = a_0 \cdot a_1 = 0.4 \cdot 0.3 \hspace{0.15cm}\underline {= 0.12}.$$
(3) With the previous settings, the variance is $\sigma_y^2 = 0.25$ and thus the dispersion $\sigma_y = 0.5$.
- Doubling the coefficients gives $\sigma_y = 1$ as desired:
- $$\hspace{0.15cm}\underline {a_0 = 0.8},\quad \hspace{0.15cm}\underline {a_1 = 0.6}.$$
(4) The constant $K$ raises the total ACF by $K^2$. Using the result from (2), it follows:
- $$K^2 = 0.5 - 0.25 = 0.25\quad \Rightarrow \quad \hspace{0.15cm}\underline {K = 0.5}.$$
(5) All ACF values are now larger by the constant value $K^2 = 0.25$ größer. Thus
- $$\varphi _y ( { T_{\rm A} } ) = 0.12 + 0.25 \hspace{0.15cm}\underline {= 0.37},$$
- $$\varphi _y ( { 2T_{\rm A} } ) = 0 + 0.25 \hspace{0.15cm}\underline {= 0.25}.$$
(6) The constant $K$ does not change the dispersion, i.e. $\sigma_y = 0.5$ is still valid.
- Formally, this quantity can also be calculated as follows:
- $$\sigma _y ^2 = \varphi _y ( 0 ) - \mathop {\lim }\limits_{k \to \infty } \varphi _y ( {k \cdot T_{\rm A} } ) = 0.5 - 0.25 = 0.25.$$
- Again, this gives $\sigma_y \hspace{0.15cm}\underline {= 0.5}$.